Ọbọ ma ọ bụ n'ọbọ dị n'elu bụ mkpuchi nchebe kachasị elu na nhazi eriri anya, nke a na-ejikarị PE sheath ihe na ihe mkpuchi PVC, na ihe mkpuchi ọkụ na-enweghị halogen na ihe mkpuchi ọkụ eletrik na-eji n'oge pụrụ iche.
1. PE n'ọbọ ihe
PE bụ abbreviation nke polyethylene, nke bụ ihe polymer mejupụtara site na polymerization nke ethylene. A na-eme ihe mkpuchi polyethylene ojii site na ịgwakọta na granulating resin polyethylene na stabilizer, carbon ojii, antioxidant na plasticizer n'otu akụkụ. Enwere ike kewaa ihe mkpuchi nke polyethylene maka mkpuchi eriri anya n'ime polyethylene dị ala (LDPE), polyethylene dị ala (LLDPE), polyethylene nke ọkara (MDPE) na polyethylene dị elu (HDPE) dị ka njupụta. N'ihi njupụta ha dị iche iche na akụkụ molekụla, ha nwere ihe dị iche iche. Polyethylene dị ala, nke a makwaara dị ka polyethylene dị elu, na-etolite site na copolymerization nke ethylene na nrụgide dị elu (n'elu 1500 ikuku) na 200-300 ° C na oxygen dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dị elu. Ya mere, eriri molekụla nke polyethylene dị ala nwere ọtụtụ alaka dị iche iche nke ogologo oge, nke nwere nnukwu usoro nke alaka ụlọ ọrụ, nhazi oge, obere crystallinity, na ezigbo mgbanwe na elongation. Polyethylene dị elu, nke a makwaara dị ka polyethylene dị ala, na-emepụta site na polymerization nke ethylene na obere nrụgide (1-5 ikuku) na 60-80 Celsius C na aluminum na titanium catalysts. N'ihi nkesa dị warara dị warara nke polyethylene dị elu na nhazi nhazi nke ụmụ irighiri ihe, ọ nwere ezigbo ihe eji arụ ọrụ, ezigbo nguzogide kemịkalụ na oke okpomọkụ nke ojiji. A na-eme ihe mkpuchi polyethylene dị ọkara site na ịgwakọta polyethylene dị elu na obere njupụta polyethylene n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị, ma ọ bụ site na polymerizing ethylene monomer na propylene (ma ọ bụ monomer nke abụọ nke 1-butene). Ya mere, ịrụ ọrụ nke polyethylene na-ajụ ase dị n'etiti nke polyethylene dị elu na obere njupụta polyethylene, ọ na-enwekwa ma mgbanwe nke polyethylene dị ala na nke kachasị mma na-eguzogide ike na ike ike nke polyethylene dị elu. A na-eme polyethylene dị ala dị ala site na obere ikuku ikuku ma ọ bụ usoro ngwọta nwere ethylene monomer na 2-olefin. Ogo nke alaka nke polyethylene dị ala dị ala dị n'etiti njupụta dị ala na njupụta dị elu, ya mere ọ nwere ezigbo nguzogide mgbawa gburugburu ebe obibi. Nguzogide mgbawa gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ihe ngosipụta dị oke mkpa maka ịchọpụta ogo ihe PE. Ọ na-ezo aka n'ihe na-eme na mpempe ule ihe ejiri na-ehulata mgbawa mgbawa na gburugburu nke surfactant. Ihe ndị na-emetụta mgbawa mgbawa ihe onwunwe gụnyere: ịdị arọ molecular, nkesa arọ molecular, crystallinity, na microstructure nke yinye molekụla. Ibu ibu nke molekụla ahụ, nkesa nkesa dị arọ nke molekụla na-adịwanye njọ, na-eme ka njikọ dị n'etiti wafers dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi dịkwuo mma, na ogologo ndụ ọrụ nke ihe onwunwe; n'otu oge ahụ, kristal nke ihe ahụ na-emetụtakwa ihe ngosi a. N'ịbụ nke dị ala na crystallinity, ka mma nke nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi na-eguzogide ihe. Ike ike na elongation na nkwụsị nke ihe PE bụ ihe ọzọ na-egosi iji tụọ arụmọrụ nke ihe ahụ, ma nwee ike ịkọ njedebe njedebe nke ihe eji eme ihe. Ọdịnaya carbon dị na ihe PE nwere ike iguzogide nbibi nke ụzarị ultraviolet na ihe ahụ, yana antioxidants nwere ike melite njirimara antioxidant nke ihe ahụ nke ọma.
2. Ihe mkpuchi PVC
Ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ PVC nwere atom chlorine, nke ga-ere ọkụ n'ọkụ. Mgbe ọ na-ere ọkụ, ọ ga-agbaze ma hapụ nnukwu gas HCL na-emerụ emerụ na nke na-egbu egbu, nke ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọjọọ nke abụọ, ma ọ ga-emenyụ onwe ya mgbe ọ na-ahapụ ire ọkụ, ya mere o nwere àgwà nke adịghị agbasa ire ọkụ; N'otu oge ahụ, ihe mkpuchi PVC nwere ezigbo mgbanwe na extensibility, a na-ejikwa ya na eriri anya ime ụlọ.
3. Ihe nkpuchi ire ọkụ na-enweghị halogen
Ebe ọ bụ na polyvinyl chloride ga-emepụta gas na-egbu egbu mgbe ọ na-ere ọkụ, ndị mmadụ emepụtala anwụrụ ọkụ dị ala, halogen-free, nke na-adịghị egbu egbu, ihe na-eme ka ọkụ na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị ọcha, ya bụ, na-agbakwunye ndị na-ere ọkụ inorganic Al (OH) 3 na Mg (OH) 2. na ihe mkpuchi nkịtị, nke ga-ahapụ mmiri kristal mgbe ọ na-ezute ọkụ ma na-ekpo ọkụ dị ukwuu, si otú ahụ na-egbochi okpomọkụ nke n'ọbọ ahụ na-ebili na igbochi combustion. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-agbakwunye ndị na-ere ọkụ inorganic na ihe mkpuchi ọkụ na-enweghị halogen, arụmọrụ nke polymer ga-abawanye. N'otu oge ahụ, resins na inorganic ire ọkụ retardants bụ kpamkpam dị iche iche abụọ-phase ihe. N'oge nhazi, ọ dị mkpa iji gbochie ngwakọta na-enweghị isi nke ire ere na mpaghara. Ekwesịrị ịgbakwunye ihe ndị na-ere ọkụ na-adịghị ahụkebe na nha kwesịrị ekwesị. Ọ bụrụ na oke ahụ buru ibu, ike arụ ọrụ na elongation na nkwụsị nke ihe a ga-ebelata nke ukwuu. Ihe ndị na-egosi maka ịtụle ihe na-egbochi ire ọkụ nke ndị na-ere ọkụ na-enweghị halogen bụ ntụle oxygen na ntinye anwụrụ ọkụ. Ndekọ ikuku oxygen bụ kacha nta ikuku oxygen chọrọ maka ihe ahụ iji nọgide na-ekpo ọkụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi na ikuku oxygen na nitrogen agwakọta. Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ oxygen buru ibu, ka mma na-eme ka ọkụ na-egbochi ihe onwunwe ahụ. A na-agbakọ mkpokọta anwụrụ ọkụ site na ịlele nnyefe nke ọkụ ọkụ yiri ya na-agafe site na anwụrụ ọkụ na-emepụta site na combustion nke ihe ahụ n'otu oghere na ogologo ụzọ anya. N'ịbụ nke dị ntakịrị ntanye anwụrụ ọkụ, na-ebelata ikuku anwụrụ ọkụ na ịrụ ọrụ ihe ka mma.
4. Electric akara na-eguzogide ihe n'ọbọ
Enwere ọtụtụ igwe mgbasa ozi na-akwado onwe ya (ADSS) na-edobe n'otu ụlọ elu nwere ahịrị elu voltaji dị elu na sistemụ nkwukọrịta ike. Iji merie mmetụta nke elu voltaji induction eletriki n'ọbọ USB, ndị mmadụ emepụtala ma mepụta ihe ọhụrụ ọkụ eletrik na-eguzogide ihe mkpuchi, ihe mkpuchi ahụ site na ịchịkwa ọdịnaya nke carbon ojii, nha na nkesa nke carbon ojii. , Na-agbakwụnye ihe mgbakwunye pụrụ iche iji mee ka ihe mkpuchi ahụ nwee ọmarịcha ihe mgbochi ọkụ eletrik.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-26-2024