Ihe mkpuchi ahụ ma ọ bụ ihe mkpuchi mpụta bụ ihe nchekwa kachasị dị n'ime eriri anya, nke e ji ihe mkpuchi PE na ihe mkpuchi PVC mee, a na-ejikwa ihe mkpuchi ọkụ na-anaghị agba ọkụ nke halogen na ihe mkpuchi eletriki na-eguzogide nsuso n'oge pụrụ iche.
1. Ihe mkpuchi PE
PE bụ mkpọmkpọ nke polyethylene, nke bụ ngwakọta polymer nke ethylene mepụtara. A na-eme ihe mkpuchi polyethylene ojii site na ịgwakọta ma tinye granulated polyethylene resin na stabilizer, carbon black, antioxidant na plasticizer n'otu oke. Enwere ike kewaa ihe mkpuchi polyethylene maka mkpuchi eriri anya n'ime obere njupụta polyethylene (LDPE), obere njupụta polyethylene (LLDPE), ọkara njupụta polyethylene (MDPE) na nnukwu njupụta polyethylene (HDPE) dịka njupụta si dị. N'ihi njupụta ha dị iche iche na nhazi molekul, ha nwere ihe dị iche iche. Polyethylene dị ala, nke a makwaara dị ka polyethylene dị elu, na-etolite site na copolymerization nke ethylene na nnukwu nrụgide (n'elu ikuku 1500) na 200-300°C yana oxygen dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali. Ya mere, yinye molekul nke polyethylene dị ala nwere ọtụtụ alaka nke ogologo dị iche iche, yana nnukwu ọkwa nke alaka yinye, nhazi na-adịghị mma, obere kristal, na ezigbo mgbanwe na ogologo. A na-emepụta polyethylene dị elu, nke a makwaara dị ka polyethylene dị ala, site na imepụta polymerization nke ethylene na obere nrụgide (1-5 ikuku) na 60-80°C na aluminom na titanium catalysts. N'ihi nkesa dị warara nke polyethylene dị elu na nhazi usoro nke molekul, ọ nwere ezigbo ihe onwunwe igwe, ezigbo iguzogide kemịkalụ na oke okpomọkụ dị iche iche. A na-eme ihe mkpuchi polyethylene dị ọkara site na ijikọta polyethylene dị elu na obere njupụta polyethylene n'ókè kwesịrị ekwesị, ma ọ bụ site na ime ka ethylene monomer na propylene dị elu (ma ọ bụ monomer nke abụọ nke 1-butene). Ya mere, arụmọrụ nke polyethylene dị ọkara dị n'etiti nke polyethylene dị elu na obere njupụta polyethylene, ọ nwekwara ma mgbanwe nke polyethylene dị ala na ezigbo nguzogide iyi na ike nrụgide nke polyethylene dị elu. A na-eme ka polyethylene dị ala site na obere nrụgide gas ma ọ bụ usoro ngwọta na ethylene monomer na 2-olefin. Ọkwa alaka nke polyethylene dị ala dị n'etiti obere njupụta na nnukwu njupụta, yabụ ọ nwere ezigbo nguzogide mgbawa gburugburu ebe obibi. Nguzogide mgbawa nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ihe ngosi dị oke mkpa maka ịchọpụta ụdị ihe PE. Ọ na-ezo aka na ihe ngosi na ihe nnwale ihe ejiri mee mgbawa nrụgide gbagọrọ agbagọ na gburugburu ebe a na-eji surfactant. Ihe ndị na-emetụta mgbawa nrụgide ihe gụnyere: ibu molekul, nkesa ibu molekul, kristal, na obere nhazi nke yinye molekul. Ka ibu molekul buru ibu, ka nkesa ibu molekul dị warara, otú ahụ ka njikọ dị n'etiti wafers na-abawanye, otú ahụ ka iguzogide mgbawa nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe ahụ na-aka mma, na ogologo ndụ ọrụ nke ihe ahụ; n'otu oge ahụ, kristal nke ihe ahụ na-emetụtakwa ihe ngosi a. Ka kristal dị ala, otú ahụ ka iguzogide mgbawa nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe ahụ ka mma. Ike nrụgide na ogologo oge na mgbawa nke ihe PE bụ ihe ngosi ọzọ iji tụọ arụmọrụ nke ihe ahụ, ma nwee ike ibu amụma njedebe nke ojiji ihe ahụ. Ọdịnaya carbon dị na ihe PE nwere ike iguzogide mmebi nke ụzarị ultraviolet na ihe ahụ nke ọma, antioxidants nwekwara ike imeziwanye ihe antioxidant nke ihe ahụ nke ọma.
2. Ihe mkpuchi PVC
Ihe PVC na-egbochi ire ọkụ nwere atọm chlorine, nke ga-ere ọkụ n'ọkụ ahụ. Mgbe ọ na-ere ọkụ, ọ ga-ere ere ma wepụta nnukwu gas HCL na-emebi emebi na nke na-egbu egbu, nke ga-akpata mmerụ ahụ nke abụọ, mana ọ ga-agbanyụ onwe ya mgbe ọ na-apụ n'ọkụ ahụ, yabụ ọ nwere njirimara nke ịgbasa ire ọkụ; n'otu oge ahụ, ihe mkpuchi PVC nwere ezigbo mgbanwe na ịgbatị, a na-ejikwa ya nke ukwuu na waya anya dị n'ime ụlọ.
3. Ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi ọkụ na-enweghị halogen
Ebe ọ bụ na polyvinyl chloride ga-emepụta gas na-egbu egbu mgbe ọ na-ere ọkụ, ndị mmadụ emepụtala ihe mkpuchi ọkụ na-adịghị egbu egbu, nke na-enweghị halogen, nke na-anaghị egbu egbu, nke dị ọcha, nke bụ, ịgbakwunye ihe mkpuchi ọkụ na-adịghị egbu egbu Al(OH)3 na Mg(OH)2 na ihe mkpuchi nkịtị, nke ga-ewepụta mmiri kristal mgbe ọ na-ezute ọkụ ma na-amịkọrọ ọtụtụ okpomọkụ, si otú a na-egbochi okpomọkụ nke ihe mkpuchi ahụ ịrị elu ma gbochie ọkụ. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-agbakwunye ihe mkpuchi ọkụ na-adịghị egbu egbu na ihe mkpuchi ọkụ na-enweghị halogen, ike nke polymers ga-abawanye. N'otu oge ahụ, resins na ihe mkpuchi ọkụ na-adịghị egbu egbu bụ ihe dị iche iche nke usoro abụọ. N'oge nhazi, ọ dị mkpa igbochi ngwakọta na-adịghị mma nke ihe mkpuchi ọkụ na-adịghị egbu egbu n'ógbè. A ga-agbakwunye ihe mkpuchi ọkụ na-adịghị egbu egbu na ọnụọgụ kwesịrị ekwesị. Ọ bụrụ na oke ya buru ibu, ike mekaniki na ogologo oge mgbe ihe ahụ mebiri ga-ebelata nke ukwuu. Ihe ngosi maka inyocha njirimara ihe mkpuchi ọkụ nke ihe mkpuchi ọkụ na-enweghị halogen bụ ntinye oxygen na ntinye anwụrụ ọkụ. Ndekọ oxygen bụ njupụta oxygen kacha nta achọrọ maka ihe ahụ iji nọgide na-enwe ọkụ n'otu ebe na gas oxygen na nitrogen agwakọta. Ka ndekọ oxygen buru ibu, otú ahụ ka njimara ihe na-egbochi ọkụ nke ihe ahụ ka mma. A na-agbakọ njupụta anwụrụ ọkụ site n'ịtụle nnyefe nke ìhè yiri nke ahụ na-agafe n'anwụrụ ọkụ nke ihe ahụ na-emepụta n'ebe ụfọdụ na ogologo ụzọ anya. Ka njupụta anwụrụ ọkụ dị ala, otú ahụ ka njupụta anwụrụ ọkụ na-ebelata ma na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma.
4. Ihe mkpuchi eletriki na-eguzogide akara
E nwere ọtụtụ eriri anya na-akwado onwe ha (ADSS) nke na-etinye n'otu ụlọ elu ahụ nwere eriri elu voltaji dị elu na sistemụ nkwukọrịta ike. Iji merie mmetụta nke ọkụ eletrik induction dị elu na sheath eriri ahụ, ndị mmadụ emepụtala ma mepụta ihe mkpuchi eletrik ọhụrụ na-eguzogide ọnya, ihe mkpuchi ahụ site na ijikwa ọdịnaya nke carbon ojii nke ọma, nha na nkesa nke obere carbon ojii, na-agbakwunye ihe mgbakwunye pụrụ iche iji mee ka ihe mkpuchi ahụ nwee arụmọrụ dị mma na-eguzogide ọnya eletrik.
Oge ozi: Ọgọst-26-2024