Ịrụ ọrụ nke ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi na-emetụta àgwà, nhazi nhazi na ngwa ngwa nke wires na eriri. Ịrụ ọrụ nke ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi na-emetụta àgwà, nhazi nhazi na ngwa ngwa nke wires na eriri.
1.PVC polyvinyl chloride wires na eriri
Polyvinyl chloride (nke a na-akpọ yaPVC) Ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi bụ ngwakọta nke a na-agbakwunye stabilizers, plasticizers, retardants ire ere, lubricants na ihe mgbakwunye ndị ọzọ na PVC ntụ ntụ. Dị ka ngwa dị iche iche na njirimara njirimara nke wires na cables si dị, a na-edozi usoro ahụ. Mgbe ọtụtụ iri afọ nke mmepụta na ngwa, mmepụta na nkà na ụzụ nhazi nke PVC aghọwo ndị tozuru okè ugbu a. Ihe mkpuchi PVC nwere ngwa sara mbara na mpaghara wires na eriri ma nwee njirimara dị iche iche nke ya:
A. Nkà na ụzụ mmepụta ihe tozuru okè, dị mfe ịmepụta na nhazi. E jiri ya tụnyere ụdị ndị ọzọ nke ihe mkpuchi eriri USB, ọ bụghị nanị na ọ nwere ọnụ ala dị ala, kamakwa ọ nwere ike ịchịkwa ọdịiche nke agba, gloss, mbipụta, nhazi nhazi, ịdị nro na ike nke elu waya, adhesion nke onye na-eduzi, yana ihe ndị na-arụ ọrụ na nke anụ ahụ na eletrik eletrik nke waya n'onwe ya.
B. Ọ nwere ezigbo ọkụ retardant arụmọrụ, otú PVC ikpuchi wires nwere ike mfe izute ọkụ retardant akara ule kwuru dị iche iche ụkpụrụ.
C. N'ihe gbasara nguzogide okpomọkụ, site na njikarịcha na nkwalite nke usoro ihe onwunwe, ụdị mkpuchi PVC a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a gụnyere ụdị atọ ndị a:
N'ihe gbasara voltaji a na-egosi, a na-ejikarị ya na ọkwa voltaji dị na 1000V AC na n'okpuru ebe a, a pụkwara itinye ya n'ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ dịka ngwa ụlọ, ngwá ọrụ na mita, ọkụ, na nkwurịta okwu netwọk.
PVC nwekwara ụfọdụ ihe ndọghachi azụ na-amachi ngwa ya:
A. N'ihi ọdịnaya chlorine dị elu, ọ ga-ebunye nnukwu anwụrụ ọkụ mgbe ọ na-ere ọkụ, nke nwere ike ime ka nsị, na-emetụta visibiliti, ma mepụta ụfọdụ carcinogens na HCl gas, na-eme ka gburugburu ebe obibi dị njọ. Site na mmepe nke obere anwụrụ ọkụ efu efu halogen mkpuchi ihe na-emepụta teknụzụ, jiri nwayọ dochie mkpuchi PVC aghọwo ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere na mmepe nke eriri.
B. Ihe mkpuchi PVC nkịtị nwere adịghị mma na-eguzogide acids na alkalis, mmanụ ọkụ, na ihe mgbaze organic. Dabere na ụkpụrụ kemịkalụ dị ka mgbaze dị ka, wires PVC na-adịkarị mfe imebi na mgbawa na mpaghara akọwapụtara. Otú ọ dị, ya na arụmọrụ nhazi ya dị mma na ọnụ ala dị ala. A ka na-eji eriri PVC eme ihe na ngwa ụlọ, ihe ọkụ ọkụ, ngwa igwe, ngwa na mita, nkwurịta okwu netwọk, wiring ụlọ na ubi ndị ọzọ.
2. Polyethylene wires na eriri na-ejikọta ya
Cross-linked PE (nke a na-akpọ yaXLPE) bụ ụdị polyethylene nke nwere ike gbanwee site na usoro ihe omimi nke linear gaa na akụkụ atọ nke akụkụ atọ n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ n'okpuru ọrụ nke ọkụ ọkụ dị elu ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-ejikọta ọnụ. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-agbanwe site na thermoplastic gaa na plastik na-adịghị edozi ahụ.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, na ntinye nke waya na mkpuchi eriri, enwere ụzọ njikọ ụzọ atọ:
A. Peroxide cross-linking: Ọ na-agụnye nke mbụ iji polyethylene resin na-ejikọta ya na ihe ndị na-ejikọta cross-links kwesịrị ekwesị na antioxidants, wee gbakwunye ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa iji mepụta ihe ngwakọta polyethylene cross-linkable. N'oge usoro extrusion, cross-linking na-eme site na ikpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ejikọta ọkpọkọ.
B. Silane cross-linking (mmiri ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ): Nke a bụkwa usoro nke njikọ kemịkalụ. Isi usoro ya bụ ijikọ njikọ organosiloxane na polyethylene n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, a
na ogo nke cross-njikọ nwere ike n'ozuzu iru banyere 60%.
C. Irradiation cross-linking: Ọ na-eji ụzarị ọkụ dị elu dị ka ụzarị R-ray, ụzarị alfa, na ụzarị elektrọn iji mee ka carbon carbon rụọ ọrụ na polyethylene macromolecules ma mee ka njikọ cross. Ụzarị ike dị elu nke a na-ejikarị na wires na eriri bụ ụzarị elektrọn nke ndị na-eme ngwa ngwa eletrọn na-emepụta. Ebe ọ bụ na njikọ njikọ a na-adabere na ike anụ ahụ, ọ bụ nke njikọta anụ ahụ.
Ụzọ atọ dị iche iche crosslinking dị n'elu nwere njirimara na ngwa dị iche iche:
E jiri ya tụnyere polyethylene thermoplastic (PVC), mkpuchi XLPE nwere uru ndị a:
A. Ọ na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nke nrụrụ okpomọkụ dịkwuo mma, mee ka ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-arụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu, ma mee ka nguzogide nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi na mgbawa ọkụ na ịka nká.
B. O mewo ka nkwụsi ike nke kemịkal na nguzogide ihe mgbaze, belata mmiri oyi, ma na-echekwa ọrụ eletrik mbụ. The ogologo oge na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ nwere ike iru 125 ℃ na 150 ℃. The cross-linked polyethylene insulated wire na cable na-eme ka nkwụsị nke dị mkpụmkpụ na-adị mkpụmkpụ, na nkwụsị okpomọkụ ya dị mkpụmkpụ nwere ike iru na 250 ℃, maka wires na eriri nke otu ọkpụrụkpụ, ikike nke ugbu a nke polyethylene na-ejikọta ya dị nnọọ ukwuu.
C. Ọ nwere ihe ndị dị mma na-arụ ọrụ, mmiri na-eguzogide ọgwụ na radieshon, n'ihi ya, a na-eji ya na mpaghara dị iche iche. Dị ka: eriri njikọ dị n'ime maka ngwa eletriki, ndị na-eduzi moto, ọkụ ọkụ, eriri akara akara ngosi dị ala maka ụgbọ ala, eriri locomotive, wires na eriri maka ụzọ ụgbọ oloko, eriri nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi maka ogbunigwe, eriri mmiri, eriri maka ntinye ike nuklia, eriri elu-voltage maka TV, nnukwu voltaji wires maka ọkụ X-RAY na ọkụ eletrik, na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Waya na eriri mkpuchi XLPE nwere uru dị ukwuu, mana ha nwekwara ụfọdụ ọghọm dị na ya na-egbochi ngwa ha:
A. Ogbenye okpomọkụ na-eguzogide arụ ọrụ. Mgbe ị na-ahazi ma na-eji wires karịrị okpomọkụ ha kwadoro, ọ dị mfe maka wires ịrapara na ibe ha. N'ọnọdụ siri ike, ọ nwere ike ibute mmebi mkpuchi na obere sekit.
B. Ogbenye okpomọkụ conduction eguzogide. Na okpomọkụ karịrị 200 ℃, mkpuchi nke wires na-aghọ nke ukwuu nro. Mgbe etinyere ya n'ike mpụta ma ọ bụ nkukota, ọ na-adịkarị mfe ime ka wires belata na obere sekit.
C. O siri ike ịchịkwa ọdịiche agba dị n'etiti batches. Nsogbu dị ka ncha, ịcha ọcha na ihe odide ebipụtara na-apụ apụ na-adịkarị mfe ime n'oge nhazi
D. The XLPE mkpuchi na a okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ọkwa nke 150 ℃ bụ kpamkpam halogen-free na ike gafere VW-1 combustion ule dị ka UL1581 ụkpụrụ, mgbe ịnọgide na-enwe magburu onwe n'ibu na eletriki Njirimara. Otú ọ dị, a ka nwere ụfọdụ ihe mgbochi na teknụzụ mmepụta ihe na ọnụ ahịa ya dị elu.
3. Silicone roba wires na eriri
Mkpụrụ ndụ polymer nke rọba silicone bụ ihe eji arụ ọrụ agbụ nke SI-O (silicon-oxygen) kpụrụ. Njikọ SI-O bụ 443.5KJ/MOL, nke dị elu karịa ike njikọ CC (355KJ/MOL). A na-emepụta ọtụtụ waya rọba silicone na eriri site na extrusion oyi na usoro ikpo ọkụ dị elu. N'etiti eriri roba na eriri sịntetị dị iche iche, n'ihi usoro ihe omimi ya pụrụ iche, rọba silicone nwere arụmọrụ dị elu ma e jiri ya tụnyere rubbers ndị ọzọ.
A. Ọ dị oke nro, nwere ezigbo ngbanwe, enweghị isi na adịghị egbu egbu, ọ naghị atụ egwu okpomọkụ dị elu ma nwee ike idi oyi siri ike. The ọrụ okpomọkụ nso si -90 ka 300 ℃. rọba silicone nwere nguzogide okpomọkụ ka mma karịa rọba nkịtị. Enwere ike iji ya na-aga n'ihu na 200 ℃ na maka oge na 350 ℃.
B. Mma ihu igwe na-eguzogide. Ọbụlagodi mgbe ekpughere ụzarị ultraviolet ogologo oge na ọnọdụ ihu igwe ndị ọzọ, akụrụngwa anụ ahụ ya nwere naanị obere mgbanwe.
C. rọba silicone nwere nnukwu resistivity na nguzogide ya na-anọgide na-adịgide adịgide n'elu oke okpomọkụ na ugboro ugboro.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, rọba silicone nwere ezigbo nguzogide mgbapu corona voltaji dị elu na mwepu arc. Silicone rubber insulated wires na cables nwere usoro uru ndị dị n'elu ma na-ejikarị ya na wires ngwaọrụ dị elu maka telivishọn, ikuku na-eguzogide okpomọkụ maka oven microwave, wires maka ndị na-esi nri induction, wires maka kọfị kọfị, na-eduga maka oriọna, ngwa UV, oriọna halogen, eriri njikọ ezinụlọ maka oven na Fans, karịsịa n'ọhịa nke ngwa ngwa.
Agbanyeghị, ụfọdụ adịghị ike nke ya na-amachikwa ngwa ya sara mbara. Ọmụmaatụ:
A. Anya mmiri na-adịghị mma. N'oge nhazi ma ọ bụ eji ya eme ihe, ọ na-adị mfe imebi n'ihi ike nke mpụga, ịcha na ichikota, nke nwere ike ime ka obere sekit. Ihe nchebe dị ugbu a bụ ịgbakwunye eriri iko ma ọ bụ eriri polyester na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'èzí mkpuchi silicone. Otú ọ dị, n'oge nhazi ahụ, ọ ka dị mkpa iji zere mmerụ ahụ kpatara site n'ike mpụga dị ka o kwere mee.
B. Ihe na-eme vulcanizing ugbu a nke a na-ejikarị na ịkpụzi vulcanization bụ okpukpu abụọ, abụọ, anọ. Ihe mgbochi a nwere chlorine. Ndị na-emepụta ihe na-enweghị halogen zuru oke (dị ka platinum vulcanizing) nwere ihe ndị siri ike chọrọ maka okpomọkụ gburugburu ebe mmepụta ma dị oke ọnụ. Ya mere, mgbe ị na-edozi eriri waya, ekwesịrị ịdeba ihe ndị a: nrụgide nke wiil nrụgide ekwesịghị ịdị elu. Ọ kachasị mma iji ihe rọba mee ihe iji gbochie mgbawa n'oge usoro mmepụta, nke nwere ike iduga nkwụsị nrụgide na-adịghị mma.
4. eriri ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) roba (XLEPDM) waya
Cross-linked ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) roba bụ terpolymer nke ethylene, propylene na diene na-abụghị conjugated, nke a na-ejikọta ya site na usoro kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ irradiation. Cross-njikọ EPDM roba mkpuchi waya na-ejikọta uru nke ma polyolefin mkpuchi waya waya na nkịtị roba mkpuchi waya:
A. Dị nro, na-agbanwe agbanwe, na-agbanwe, na-adịghị mma na okpomọkụ dị elu, ogologo oge ịka nká, na-eguzogide ọnọdụ ihu igwe siri ike (-60 ruo 125 ℃).
B. Ozone eguzogide, UV mgbochi, eletriki mkpuchi mkpuchi, na chemical corrosion eguzogide.
C. Mgbochi mmanụ na ihe mgbaze dị ka nke ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi mkpuchi chloroprene n'ozuzu ya. A na-edozi ya site na ngwa ọkụ extrusion nkịtị na irradiation cross-linking, nke dị mfe ịhazi na ọnụ ala. Cross-linked ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) roba insulated wires nwere ọtụtụ uru ndị a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu ma na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ọhịa dị ka ntụzịaka refrigeration, ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri na-adịghị mmiri, ụzọ ntụgharị, eriri mkpanaka n'ime ogbunigwe, mkpọ ala, ụgbọ ala, ngwaọrụ ahụike, ụgbọ mmiri, na wiring n'ozuzu nke ngwa eletriki.
Ihe ọghọm dị na waya XLEPDM bụ:
A. Dị ka XLPE na PVC wires, ọ nwere dịtụ ogbenye na-eguzogide mmiri.
B. Adhesion na-adịghị mma na ntinye onwe ya na-emetụta usoro nhazi.
5. Fluoroplastic wires na eriri
E jiri ya tụnyere polyethylene nkịtị na polyvinyl chloride cables, eriri fluoroplastic nwere ihe ndị a pụtara ìhè:
A. Fluoroplastics na-eguzogide okpomọkụ nwere nkwụsi ike dị egwu, na-eme ka eriri fluoroplastic kwekọọ na gburugburu ebe okpomọkụ dị elu sitere na 150 ruo 250 degrees Celsius. N'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ndị na-eduzi ndị nwere otu mpaghara cross-section, fluoroplastic cables nwere ike ibunye nnukwu ikike ugbu a, si otú ahụ gbasaa ngwa ngwa nke ụdị waya mkpuchi. N'ihi ihe onwunwe a pụrụ iche, a na-ejikarị eriri fluoroplastic eme ihe maka eriri ime na eriri ụzọ n'ime ụgbọ elu, ụgbọ mmiri, ọkụ ọkụ dị elu, na ngwá electronic.
B. Nkwụghachi ọkụ dị mma: Fluoroplastics nwere ọnụọgụ oxygen dị elu, na mgbe ọ na-ere ọkụ, ọkụ ọkụ na-agbasa dị ntakịrị, na-emepụta obere anwụrụ ọkụ. Waya nke sitere na ya dabara adaba maka ngwaọrụ na ebe nwere ihe siri ike maka ire ọkụ ọkụ. Dị ka ihe atụ: netwọk kọmputa, ụzọ ụgbọ oloko, ụgbọ ala, ụlọ ndị dị elu na ebe ọha na eze ndị ọzọ, wdg. Ozugbo ọkụ gbawara, ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịnwe oge iji pụọ na-enweghị nnukwu anwụrụ ọkụ kwatuo, si otú ahụ na-enweta oge nnapụta dị oké ọnụ ahịa.
C. Ọmarịcha ọkụ eletrik: E jiri ya tụnyere polyethylene, fluoroplastics nwere obere dielectric dị ala. Ya mere, ma e jiri ya tụnyere eriri coaxial nke ihe owuwu ndị yiri ya, eriri fluoroplastic nwere obere attenuation ma dị mma maka nnyefe mgbaàmà ugboro ugboro. N'oge a, ọnụ ọgụgụ na-arịwanye elu nke iji eriri eme ihe aghọwo ihe na-emekarị. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, n'ihi nkwụsi ike dị elu nke fluoroplastics, a na-ejikarị ha dị ka eriri ime maka nnyefe na ngwa nzikọrịta ozi, jumpers n'etiti ndị na-enyefe ikuku na ndị na-ebugharị ikuku, na vidiyo na eriri ọdịyo. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, eriri fluoroplastic nwere ike dielectric dị mma na mkpuchi mkpuchi, na-eme ka ha dị mma maka ojiji dị ka eriri njikwa maka ngwá ọrụ dị mkpa na mita.
D. Ihe eji arụ ọrụ na kemịkal zuru oke: Fluoroplastics nwere ike njikọ kemịkalụ dị elu, nkwụsi ike dị elu, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbanwe ọnọdụ okpomọkụ adịghị emetụta ya, ma nwee ọmarịcha ihu igwe na-eguzogide ịka nká na ike igwe. Na ọ dịghị emetụta dị iche iche acids, alkalis na organic solvents. Ya mere, ọ dabara maka gburugburu ebe nwere nnukwu mgbanwe ihu igwe na ọnọdụ ndị na-emebi emebi, dị ka petrochemicals, nnụcha mmanụ, na njikwa olulu mmiri mmanụ.
E. Na-eme ka njikọ ịgbado ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ na ngwa eletrọnịkị, a na-eme ọtụtụ njikọ site na ịgbado ọkụ. N'ihi ebe mgbaze dị ala nke plastik izugbe, ha na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na oke okpomọkụ, na-achọ nkà ịgbado ọkụ nke ọma. Ọzọkwa, ụfọdụ ihe weld chọrọ oge ịgbado ọkụ, nke bụkwa ihe kpatara eriri fluoroplastic ji ewu ewu. Dị ka eriri ime nke ngwa nzikọrịta ozi na ngwa eletrọnịkị.
N'ezie, fluoroplastics ka nwere ụfọdụ ọghọm na-egbochi ojiji ha:
A. Ọnụ ego akụrụngwa dị elu. Ugbu a, mmepụta ụlọ ka na-adabere na mbubata (Daikin nke Japan na DuPont nke United States). Ọ bụ ezie na fluoroplastics ụlọ etolitela ngwa ngwa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ụdị mmepụta ihe ka na-alụbeghị di. E jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị a na-ebubata, a ka nwere ọdịiche dị na nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ na ihe ndị ọzọ zuru oke nke ihe.
B. N'iji ya tụnyere ihe ndị ọzọ na-ekpuchi ihe, usoro mmepụta ihe na-esiwanye ike, mmepụta mmepụta dị ala, ihe odide ndị a na-ebipụta na-adị mfe ịdaba, na ọnwụ dị ukwuu, nke na-eme ka mmepụta ihe dị elu dị elu.
N'ikpeazụ, ngwa nke ụdị mkpuchi mkpuchi niile a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu, karịsịa ihe mkpuchi pụrụ iche nke okpomọkụ na-eguzogide okpomọkụ karịa 105 ℃, ka nọ na oge mgbanwe na China. Ma ọ bụ mmepụta waya ma ọ bụ nhazi eriri waya, ọ bụghị naanị usoro tozuru okè, kamakwa usoro nke iji ezi uche ghọta uru na ọghọm dị n'ụdị waya a.
Oge nzipu: Mee-27-2025