Ihe ndị polyolefin, nke a maara maka njirimara eletrik dị mma, nhazi, na arụmọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, aghọwo otu n'ime ihe mkpuchi na ihe mkpuchi na-ejikarị na waya na ụlọ ọrụ eriri.
Polyolefins bụ polymers dị elu-molecular arụpụtara site na monomer olefin dị ka ethylene, propylene, na butene. A na-etinye ha n'ọtụtụ ebe na eriri, nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ihe owuwu, ụgbọ ala, na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike.
N'ichepụta eriri USB, ihe polyolefin na-enye obere dielectric mgbe niile, mkpuchi dị elu, na nguzogide kemịkalụ pụtara ìhè, na-eme ka nkwụsi ike na nchekwa dị ogologo oge. Àgwà ọma ha na-enweghị halogen na nke a pụrụ imegharịkwa kwekọrọ na usoro ọgbara ọhụrụ na mmepụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nke na-adigide.
I. Nhazi site na ụdị monomer
1. Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene (PE) bụ resin thermoplastic polymerized site na ethylene monomers ma bụrụ otu n'ime plastik ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụwa niile. Dabere na njupụta na usoro ihe omimi, e kewara ya na ụdị LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE na XLPE.
(1)Polyethylene dị obere (LDPE)
Ihe owuwu: Emepụtara ya site na polymerization free radical nrụgide dị elu; nwere ọtụtụ ụdọ ndị nwere alaka, nwere crystallinity nke 55–65% yana njupụta nke 0.91–0.93 g/cm³.
Ngwongwo: dị nro, nghọta, na mmetụta na-eguzogide ọgwụ mana ọ nwere oke nguzogide okpomọkụ (ihe ruru 80 Celsius C).
Ngwa: A na-ejikarị dị ka ihe mkpuchi maka nzikọrịta ozi na eriri mgbama, na-edozi mgbanwe na mkpuchi.
(2) Polyethylene njupụta dị elu (HDPE)
Ọdịdị: Polymerized n'okpuru nrụgide dị ala na Ziegler-Natta catalysts; nwere alaka ole na ole ma ọ bụ enweghị, nnukwu crystallinity (80–95%), na njupụta nke 0.94–0.96 g/cm³.
Ngwongwo: Ike dị elu na isi ike, nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ mara mma, mana ntakịrị belata ike ike dị ala.
Ngwa: A na-eji ya eme ihe maka mkpuchi mkpuchi, ikuku nzikọrịta ozi na mkpuchi eriri fiber optic, na-enye ihu igwe dị elu na nchekwa igwe, ọkachasị maka nrụnye n'èzí ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ala.
(3) Polyethylene dị ala dị ala (LLDPE)
Ihe owuwu: Copolymerized sitere na ethylene na α-olefin, nke nwere alaka dị mkpụmkpụ; njupụta n'etiti 0.915-0.925 g/cm³.
Ngwongwo: Na-ejikọta mgbanwe na ike na nkwụsi ike dị mma.
Ngwa: Kwesịrị ekwesị maka n'ọbọ na ihe mkpuchi na eriri obere na obere voltaji na eriri njikwa, na-eme ka mmetụta dịkwuo elu na nkwụsị nkwụsị.
(4)Polyethylene jikọrọ Cross-Linked (XLPE)
Nhazi: Netwọk nwere akụkụ atọ emere site na njikọ kemikal ma ọ bụ nke anụ ahụ (silane, peroxide, ma ọ bụ elektrọn-beam).
Njirimara: nguzogide okpomọkụ pụtara ìhè, ike igwe, mkpuchi ọkụ, na ihu igwe.
Ngwa: A na-eji ya nke ukwuu na eriri ọkụ eletrik na nke dị elu, eriri ume ọhụrụ, na eriri wiring ụgbọ ala - ihe mkpuchi bụ isi na mmepụta eriri ọgbara ọhụrụ.
2. Polypropylene (PP)
Polypropylene (PP), polymerized sitere na propylene, nwere njupụta nke 0.89-0.92 g/cm³, ebe mgbaze nke 164-176 Celsius C, yana okpomọkụ na-arụ ọrụ nke -30 °C ruo 140 °C.
Ngwongwo: Ibu dị fechaa, ike igwe dị elu, nguzogide kemịkalụ mara mma, yana mkpuchi ọkụ dị elu.
Ngwa: Ejiri ya dịka ihe mkpuchi na-enweghị halogen na eriri. Site na nkwusi ike na-eto eto na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, polypropylene (XLPP) na-ejikọta na cross-linked (XLPP) na copolymer PP gbanwetụrụ na-edochiwanye polyethylene omenala na usoro okpomọkụ dị elu na nnukwu voltaji, dị ka ụgbọ okporo ígwè, ikuku ikuku, na eriri ụgbọ ala eletrik.
3. Polybutylene (PB)
Polybutylene gụnyere Poly (1-butene) (PB-1) na Polyisobutylene (PIB).
Ngwongwo: Nguzogide okpomọkụ dị oke mma, nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ, na nguzogide na-akpụ akpụ.
Ngwa: A na-eji PB-1 na ọkpọkọ, ihe nkiri, na nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ebe a na-etinye PIB n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ichepụta eriri dị ka gel na-egbochi mmiri, ihe mkpuchi, na ihe ndochi n'ihi gas impermeability na inertness kemịkalụ-nke a na-ejikarị na eriri fiber optic maka mkpuchi na nchebe mmiri.
II. Ihe ndị ọzọ a na-ahụkarị polyolefin
(1) Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)
EVA na-ejikọta ethylene na vinyl acetate, na-egosipụta mgbanwe na nguzogide oyi (na-ejigide mgbanwe na -50 Celsius C).
Ngwongwo: dị nro, mmetụta na-eguzogide, na-adịghị egbu egbu, na ịka nká.
Ngwa: Na eriri, a na-ejikarị EVA eme ihe dị ka ihe mgbanwe mgbanwe ma ọ bụ resin na-ebu ibu na usoro Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH), na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nhazi na mgbanwe nke mkpuchi eco-friendly mkpuchi na ihe mkpuchi.
(2) Ultra-Elu-Molecular-Arọ Polyethylene (UHMWPE)
N'ịdị arọ nke molikula karịrị nde 1.5, UHMWPE bụ rọba injinia n'elu.
Ngwongwo: nkwụsi ike kachasị elu n'etiti plastik, ike mmetụta ugboro ise karịa ABS, ezigbo nguzogide kemịkalụ, yana mmịpụta mmiri dị ala.
Ngwa: Ejiri ya na eriri anya na eriri pụrụ iche dị ka akwa akwa akwa akwa ma ọ bụ mkpuchi maka ihe ndị na-adịghị ike, na-eme ka iguzogide mmebi ngwaọrụ na abrasion.
III. Mmechi
Ihe ndị polyolefin enweghị halogen, anwụrụ ọkụ dị ala, na anaghị egbu egbu mgbe ọkụ. Ha na-enye ezigbo ọkụ eletrik, igwe na nhazi nhazi, na enwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ ha site na grafting, mixing, and crosslinking technology.
Site na nchikota ha nke nchekwa, enyi na enyi gburugburu ebe obibi, na arụmọrụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya, ihe ndị polyolefin aghọwo usoro ihe eji eme ihe na waya nke oge a na ụlọ ọrụ eriri. Na-ele anya n'ihu, dị ka ngalaba dị ka ụgbọ ala ike ọhụrụ, fotovoltaics, na nkwukọrịta data na-aga n'ihu, ihe ọhụrụ na ngwa polyolefin ga-eme ka ọganihu dị elu na-adịgide adịgide nke ụlọ ọrụ USB.
Oge nzipu: Ọktoba 17-2025