Ihe Polyolefin, nke a maara maka ihe onwunwe eletriki ha dị mma, ike nhazi ha, na arụmọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi ha, aghọọla otu n'ime ihe mkpuchi na sheath kachasị eji eme ihe na waya na waya.
Polyolefins bụ polima dị arọ nke nwere nnukwu molekul nke e si na monomer olefin dịka ethylene, propylene, na butene mepụta. A na-etinye ha nke ọma n'ime waya, nkwakọ ngwaahịa, owuwu ụlọ, ụgbọala, na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike.
N'ime mmepụta waya, ihe polyolefin na-enye obere dielectric na-agbanwe agbanwe, mkpuchi dị elu, na iguzogide kemịkalụ dị egwu, na-eme ka ọ kwụsie ike na nchekwa ogologo oge. Àgwà ha na-enweghị halogen na nke a na-emegharị emegharị na-adabakwa na usoro ọgbara ọhụrụ na mmepụta akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nke na-adịgide adịgide.
I. Nhazi site na ụdị Monomer
1. Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene (PE) bụ resin thermoplastic nke e ji ethylene monomers mee, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime plastik ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ụwa niile. Dabere na njupụta na nhazi molekul, e kewara ya n'ụdị LDPE, HDPE, LLDPE, na XLPE.
(1)Polyethylene dị obere (LDPE)
Nhazi: Emepụtara ya site na iji polymerization nke nwere oke nrụgide dị elu; nwere ọtụtụ agbụ ígwè nwere alaka, nke nwere kristal nke 55–65% na njupụta nke 0.91–0.93 g/cm³.
Àgwà: Dị nro, doro anya, na-eguzogide mmetụta mana ọ na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị mma (ruo ihe dị ka 80 °C).
Ngwa: A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe dị ka ihe mkpuchi maka nkwukọrịta na eriri mgbaàmà, na-edozi mgbanwe na mkpuchi.
(2) Polyethylene dị elu (HDPE)
Nhazi: Ejiri Ziegler-Natta mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-akpali akpali nke e ji polymer mee; o nwere obere alaka ma ọ bụ na ọ nweghị alaka, nnukwu kristal (80–95%), na njupụta nke 0.94–0.96 g/cm³.
Njirimara: Ike na nkwụsi ike dị elu, ezigbo nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ, mana obere ike okpomọkụ dị ala belatara.
Ngwa: A na-eji ya eme ihe nke ọma maka akwa mkpuchi, ọkpọkọ nkwukọrịta, na ihe mkpuchi eriri fiber optic, na-enye nchebe ihu igwe na igwe dị mma, ọkachasị maka nrụnye dị n'èzí ma ọ bụ n'okpuru ala.
(3) Polyethylene dị ala njupụta (LLDPE)
Nhazi: E ji ethylene na α-olefin mee ka ọ bụrụ otu, ya na obere njikọ; njupụta dị n'etiti 0.915–0.925 g/cm³.
Njirimara: Na-ejikọta mgbanwe na ike yana ezigbo iguzogide ọkpọ.
Ngwa: Dabara adaba maka ihe mkpuchi na ihe mkpuchi n'ime eriri voltaji dị ala na nke ọkara na eriri njikwa, na-eme ka mmetụta na iguzogide mgbagọ dịkwuo mma.
(4)Polyethylene ejiri Cross-Linked (XLPE)
Nhazi: Netwọk akụkụ atọ nke e mepụtara site na njikọta kemịkalụ ma ọ bụ nke anụ ahụ (silane, peroxide, ma ọ bụ elektrọn-beam).
Njirimara: Nguzogide okpomọkụ dị egwu, ike igwe, mkpuchi eletriki, na ike ihu igwe.
Ngwa: A na-eji ya nke ọma na waya ike dị n'etiti na nke dị elu, waya ike ọhụrụ, na eriri waya ụgbọala - ihe mkpuchi bụ isi na mmepụta waya ọgbara ọhụrụ.
2. Polypropylene (PP)
Polypropylene (PP), nke e ji propylene mee, nwere njupụta nke 0.89–0.92 g/cm³, ebe agbaze nke 164–176 °C, yana oke okpomọkụ ọrụ nke –30 °C ruo 140 °C.
Àgwà: Dị fechaa, ike igwe dị elu, iguzogide kemịkalụ dị mma, yana mkpuchi eletriki dị elu.
Ngwa: A na-eji ya eme ihe dịka ihe mkpuchi na-enweghị halogen na waya. Ka a na-esiwanye ike na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, polypropylene cross-linked (XLPP) na copolymer PP agbanwere agbanwe na-anọchi anya polyethylene ọdịnala na sistemụ waya dị elu na voltaji dị elu, dịka ụgbọ okporo ígwè, ike ikuku, na waya ụgbọala eletrik.
3. Polybutylene (PB)
Polybutylene gụnyere Poly(1-butene) (PB-1) na Polyisobutylene (PIB).
Njirimara: Ezigbo iguzogide okpomọkụ, nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ, na iguzogide ihe ndị na-asọ asọ.
Ngwa: A na-eji PB-1 eme ihe na paịpụ, ihe nkiri, na nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ebe a na-eji PIB eme ihe nke ukwuu n'imepụta eriri dị ka gel na-egbochi mmiri, ihe mkpuchi, na ihe mejupụtara njupụta n'ihi enweghị ike ịbanye na gas na enweghị ike ime ihe ọ bụla na kemịkalụ - nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na eriri fiber optic maka mkpuchi na nchekwa mmiri.
II. Ihe Ndị Ọzọ A Na-ahụkarị Maka Polyolefin
(1) Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)
EVA na-ejikọta ethylene na vinyl acetate, na-egosipụta mgbanwe na iguzogide oyi (na-eme ka mgbanwe dị na -50 °C).
Àgwà: Dị nro, anaghị akpata nsogbu, anaghị akpata nsí, ma na-eguzogide ịka nká.
Ngwa: Na waya, a na-ejikarị EVA eme ihe dị ka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ resin na-ebu ihe n'ime usoro Low Smoke Zero Halogen (LSZH), na-eme ka nhazi na mgbanwe nke ihe mkpuchi na ihe mkpuchi dị mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi ka mma.
(2) Polyethylene dị oke arọ nke ukwuu (UHMWPE)
N'ịbụ nke nwere oke molekul karịrị nde 1.5, UHMWPE bụ plastik injinia kachasị elu.
Àgwà: Ike kachasị elu n'etiti plastik, ike mmetụta karịrị ABS okpukpu ise, ezigbo iguzogide kemịkalụ, na obere mmịpụta mmiri.
Ngwa: A na-eji ya na waya anya na waya pụrụ iche dị ka ihe mkpuchi ma ọ bụ mkpuchi maka ihe nrụgide dị elu, na-eme ka iguzogide mmebi na mmebi igwe dịkwuo mma.
Atọ. Mmechi
Ihe ndị e ji polyolefin mee anaghị enwe halogen, ha anaghị enwe obere anwụrụ ọkụ, ha anaghịkwa egbu egbu ma ọ bụrụ na a kpọọ ha ọkụ. Ha na-enye ezigbo nkwụsi ike eletriki, igwe, na nhazi, a pụkwara ime ka arụmọrụ ha ka mma site na iji teknụzụ ndị e ji grafting, agwakọta, na njikọta.
Site na njikọta nchekwa ha, ịdị mma gburugburu ebe obibi, na arụmọrụ a pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi, ihe polyolefin aghọọla usoro ihe eji arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ waya na eriri ọgbara ọhụrụ. Na-ele anya n'ihu, ka ngalaba dịka ụgbọ ala ike ọhụrụ, fotovoltaics, na nkwukọrịta data na-aga n'ihu na-eto, ihe ọhụrụ na ngwa polyolefin ga-akwalite mmepe dị elu na nke na-adịgide adịgide nke ụlọ ọrụ eriri.
Oge ozi: Ọktoba-17-2025