Nhazi nke eriri ahụ yiri ka ọ dị mfe, n'eziokwu, akụkụ ọ bụla dị na ya nwere ebumnuche dị mkpa nke ya, yabụ a ga-ahọrọ ihe akụkụ ọ bụla nke ọma mgbe a na-emepụta eriri ahụ, iji hụ na eriri e ji ihe ndị a mee bụ ntụkwasị obi n'oge ọrụ.
1. Ihe onye na-eduzi ihe
N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ihe eji eme ihe maka ihe na-eduzi eriri ike bụ ọla kọpa na aluminom. A nwalekwara sodium nwa oge. Ọla kọpa na aluminom nwere ike ijikwa eletriki nke ọma, ọnụọgụ ọla kọpa dịkwa obere mgbe a na-ebufe otu ọkụ eletrik ahụ, yabụ dayameta mpụta nke ihe na-eduzi ọla kọpa pere mpe karịa nke ihe na-eduzi aluminum. Ọnụ ahịa aluminom dị ala karịa ọla kọpa. Na mgbakwunye, n'ihi na njupụta nke ọla kọpa buru ibu karịa nke aluminom, ọbụlagodi na ikike ibu ugbu a bụ otu, akụkụ obe nke ihe na-eduzi aluminum buru ibu karịa nke ihe na-eduzi ọla kọpa, mana eriri ihe na-eduzi aluminum ka dị mfe karịa eriri ihe na-eduzi ọla kọpa.
2. Ihe mkpuchi
E nwere ọtụtụ ihe mkpuchi waya MV nwere ike iji, gụnyere ihe mkpuchi akwụkwọ e tinyere n'ime ihe ndị e ji teknụzụ mee, nke ejirila ihe karịrị afọ 100 mee ihe nke ọma. Taa, a nabatala mkpuchi polima e tinyere n'ime ihe ndị a. Ihe mkpuchi polima e tinyere n'ime ihe ndị a gụnyere PE (LDPE na HDPE), XLPE, WTR-XLPE na EPR. Ihe ndị a bụ thermoplastic yana thermosetting. Ihe thermoplastic na-agbanwe mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ, ebe ihe thermoset na-anọgide na-adị ka ha n'oge okpomọkụ ọrụ.
2.1. Mkpuchi akwụkwọ
Ná mmalite ọrụ ha, eriri ndị e ji akwụkwọ kpuchie na-ebu naanị obere ibu ma a na-elekọta ha nke ọma. Agbanyeghị, ndị na-eji ike eletrik na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka eriri ahụ na-ebu ibu dị elu, ọnọdụ mbụ eji eme ihe adịghịzi mma maka mkpa nke eriri dị ugbu a, mgbe ahụ ahụmịhe ọma mbụ ahụ enweghị ike ịnọchite anya ọrụ n'ọdịnihu nke eriri ahụ ga-adị mma. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, a naghị eji eriri ndị e ji akwụkwọ kpuchie eme ihe mgbe niile.
2.2.PVC
A ka na-eji PVC eme ihe dị ka ihe mkpuchi maka eriri 1kV dị ala, ọ bụkwa ihe mkpuchi. Agbanyeghị, a na-eji XLPE dochie ngwa ngwa itinye PVC na mkpuchi eriri, a na-ejikwa polyethylene linear low density (LLDPE), polyethylene medium density (MDPE) ma ọ bụ polyethylene dị elu (HDPE), na eriri ndị na-abụghị PVC dochie ngwa ahụ ngwa ngwa na-efu obere ego ndụ.
2.3. Polyethylene (PE)
E mepụtara polyethylene dị obere njupụta (LDPE) n'afọ 1930, a na-ejikwa ya ugbu a dị ka resin ntọala maka ihe polyethylene crosslinked (XLPE) na ihe polyethylene crosslinked osisi na-eguzogide mmiri (WTR-XLPE). N'ọnọdụ thermoplastic, okpomọkụ kachasị elu nke polyethylene bụ 75 ° C, nke dị ala karịa okpomọkụ ọrụ nke waya mkpuchi akwụkwọ (80 ~ 90 ° C). A doziela nsogbu a site na mmalite nke polyethylene cross-linked (XLPE), nke nwere ike izute ma ọ bụ gafere okpomọkụ ọrụ nke waya mkpuchi akwụkwọ.
2.4.Polyethylene ejikọtara ọnụ (XLPE)
XLPE bụ ihe na-eme ka okpomọkụ dị elu nke e ji agwakọta polyethylene dị ala (LDPE) na ihe na-ejikọ ọnụ (dịka peroxide).
Okpomọkụ kachasị elu nke eriri XLPE nke a na-eji kpuchie bụ 90 Celsius C, ule oke ibu ruru 140 Celsius C, okpomọkụ sekit dị mkpụmkpụ nwekwara ike iru 250 Celsius C. XLPE nwere njirimara dielectric magburu onwe ya ma enwere ike iji ya na oke voltaji nke 600V ruo 500kV.
2.5. Osisi na-anaghị eguzogide mmiri Polyethylene ejikọtara ya na obe (WTR-XLPE)
Ihe na-eme n'osisi mmiri ga-ebelata ndụ ọrụ nke eriri XLPE. E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ isi belata uto osisi mmiri, mana otu n'ime ihe a na-anabatakarị bụ iji ihe mkpuchi pụrụ iche emepụtara iji gbochie uto osisi mmiri, nke a na-akpọ polyethylene WTR-XLPE nke osisi na-eguzogide mmiri.
2.6. Ethylene propylene roba (EPR)
EPR bụ ihe e ji ethylene, propylene (mgbe ụfọdụ monomer nke atọ) mee, a na-akpọkwa copolymer nke monomer atọ ahụ ethylene propylene diene roba (EPDM). N'ọtụtụ okpomọkụ, EPR na-anọgide na-adị nro ma na-enwe ezigbo iguzogide corona. Agbanyeghị, mfu dielectric nke ihe EPR dị elu karịa nke XLPE na WTR-XLPE.
3. Usoro mkpuchi ikuku
Usoro njikọta ihe dị iche iche dabere na polima ejiri mee ihe. Mmepụta polima njikọta ihe na-amalite site na polima matrix wee tinye ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe sie ike na ihe ndị na-ejikọ ihe iji mepụta ngwakọta. Usoro njikọta ihe na-agbakwụnye ebe njikọ ndị ọzọ na nhazi molekul. Ozugbo ejikọtara ya na ibe ya, agbụ polima molekul na-anọgide na-agbanwe agbanwe, mana enweghị ike ikewapụ ya kpamkpam ka ọ bụrụ mmiri mmiri.
4. Ihe nchekwa na ihe mkpuchi ihe mkpuchi nke onye na-eduzi ihe
A na-ewepụta oyi akwa nchekwa semi-conductive n'elu mpụta nke onye na-eduzi ya ma na-ekpuchi ihe mkpuchi iji mee ka ubi eletrik ahụ dị ka otu ma nwee ike ijide ubi eletrik n'ime isi eriri mkpuchi. Ihe a nwere ọkwa injinia nke ihe ojii carbon iji mee ka oyi akwa nchebe nke eriri ahụ nwee ike iru ike conductivity n'ime oke achọrọ.
Oge ozi: Eprel-12-2024