N'ihe gbasara waya na waya, a na-ekewa ihe owuwu nchekwa n'ime echiche abụọ dị iche iche: ihe nchekwa eletrọnịkị na ihe nchekwa ubi eletrọnịkị. A na-ejikarị ihe nchekwa eletrọnịkị egbochi waya mgbaàmà ugboro ugboro (dịka eriri RF na waya eletrọnịkị) ibute nnyonye anya na gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ igbochi ebili mmiri eletrọnịkị mpụga ka ọ ghara igbochi waya ndị na-ebuga mmiri na-adịghị ike (dịka eriri mgbaàmà na nha), yana ibelata nnyonye anya n'etiti waya. N'aka nke ọzọ, ihe nchekwa ubi eletrọnịkị, bụ iji dozie ubi eletrik siri ike na elu onye na-eduzi ma ọ bụ elu mkpuchi nke waya ike etiti na elu voltaji.
1. Nhazi na Ihe achọrọ nke Akwa mkpuchi ubi eletriki
A na-ekewa mkpuchi nke waya ike n'ime ihe mkpuchi conductor, ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi, na ihe mkpuchi ígwè. Dịka ụkpụrụ ndị dị mkpa si dị, waya ndị nwere voltaji ọkwa karịrị 0.6/1 kV kwesịrị inwe oyi akwa mkpuchi ígwè, nke enwere ike itinye na cores mkpuchi nke ọ bụla ma ọ bụ isi waya niile. Maka waya ndị nwere voltaji ọkwa dịkarịa ala 3.6/6 kV site na iji mkpuchi XLPE (polyetylene cross-linked), ma ọ bụ waya ndị nwere voltaji ọkwa dịkarịa ala 3.6/6 kV site na iji mkpuchi EPR dị gịrịgịrị (ethylene propylene roba) (ma ọ bụ mkpuchi dị arọ nke nwere voltaji ọkwa dịkarịa ala 6/10 kV), a chọkwara nhazi ihe nchebe ọkara-conductive dị n'ime na mpụta.
(1) Nchekwa na Nchekwa Ihe Mgbochi Onye Na-eduzi Ihe
Nchekwa Onye Na-eduzi Ihe (Ihe Na-echebe Ihe Na-eduzi Ihe n'ime): Nke a ekwesịghị ịbụ nke na-abụghị nke ígwè, nke nwere ihe na-eduzi ihe n'ime ya ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke teepu na-eduzi ihe n'ime ya nke e kechiri gburugburu onye na-eduzi ihe, nke ihe na-eduzi ihe n'ime ya na-esote ya.
Ihe Mgbochi Mkpuchi (Mpụta Semi-Conductive Security): A na-apụta ya ozugbo n'elu mpụta nke isi mkpuchi ọ bụla ma jikọta ya nke ọma ma ọ bụ na-apụ apụ site na oyi akwa mkpuchi ahụ.
A ga-ejikọta akwa dị n'ime na nke mpụta nke semi-conductive nke a na-ewepụta na mkpuchi ahụ nke ọma, ya na njikọ dị nro nke na-enweghị akara eriri ndị a na-ahụ anya, nsọtụ dị nkọ, obere ihe, ọkụ, ma ọ bụ ọkọ. Nguzogide tupu na mgbe ịka nká ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe karịrị 1000 Ω·m maka akwa nchekwa ihe nduzi ahụ, ọ gaghịkwa agafe 500 Ω·m maka akwa nchekwa ihe mkpuchi ahụ.
A na-eme ihe mkpuchi nke ọkara-conductive dị n'ime na mpụta site na ịgwakọta ihe mkpuchi ndị kwekọrọ na ya (dịka polyethylene cross-linked (XLPE) na roba ethylene propylene (EPR)) na ihe mgbakwunye dị ka carbon black, ihe ndị na-egbochi ịka nká, na ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. A ga-ekesa ihe ndị ahụ ojii carbon n'otu n'otu na polymer ahụ, na-enweghị njikọta ma ọ bụ mgbasa ozi na-adịghị mma.
Ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe mkpuchi dị n'ime na nke mpụta nke semi-conductive na-abawanye ka ọkwa voltaji si dị. Ebe ọ bụ na ike ọkụ eletrik dị na ihe mkpuchi dị elu n'ime na nke dị ala n'èzí, ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe mkpuchi dị n'ime kwesịrị ịdị oke arọ n'ime na nke dị gịrịgịrị n'èzí. Maka eriri ndị a tụrụ na 6~10~35 kV, ọkpụrụkpụ nke ihe mkpuchi dị n'ime na-abụkarị site na 0.5~0.6~0.8 mm.
(2) Ihe mkpuchi ígwè
Eriri ndị nwere voltaji ọkwa karịrị 0.6/1 kV kwesịrị inwe ihe mkpuchi ígwè. Ihe mkpuchi ígwè kwesịrị ikpuchi mpụta nke isi ọ bụla a na-ekpuchighị ekpuchi ma ọ bụ isi eriri ahụ. Ihe mkpuchi ígwè nwere ike ịnwe otu ma ọ bụ karịa teepu ígwè, ihe mkpuchi ígwè, akwa waya ígwè ndị a na-ejikọta ọnụ, ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke waya na teepu ígwè.
Na Yuropu na mba ndị mepere emepe, ebe a na-eji sistemụ sekit abụọ nke nwere ike iguzogide ma na-enwe obere ọkụ eletrik karịa, a na-ejikarị ihe mkpuchi waya ọla kọpa eme ihe. Na Chaịna, sistemụ ike eletrik nke nwere otu sekit nke na-egbochi arc na-abụkarị ihe a na-ahụkarị, yabụ a na-ejikarị ihe mkpuchi teepu ọla kọpa eme ihe. Ndị na-emepụta eriri na-ahazi teepu ọla kọpa siri ike azụrụ site na ịpịpụ na ịcha ha iji mee ka ha dị nro tupu e jiri ha. Teepu ọla kọpa dị nro ga-agbaso ọkọlọtọ GB/T11091-2005 "Tepes Copper for Cables".
Ihe mkpuchi teepu ọla kọpa kwesịrị ịnwe otu oyi akwa nke teepu ọla kọpa dị nro nke a kpuchiri ekpuchi ma ọ bụ oyi akwa abụọ nke teepu ọla kọpa dị nro nke a kpuchiri ekpuchi. Nkezi ọnụego njikọta kwesịrị ịbụ 15% nke obosara teepu ahụ, yana obere ọnụego njikọta nke na-erughị 5%. Ọkpụrụkpụ teepu ọla kọpa kwesịrị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 0.12 mm maka eriri isi otu na-erughị 0.10 mm maka eriri isi ọtụtụ. Okpukpo kacha nta ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 90% nke uru aha.
Ihe mkpuchi waya ọla kọpa nwere waya ọla kọpa dị nro nke a gbagọrọ agbagọ, nke ejiri waya ọla kọpa ma ọ bụ teepu kpuchie elu ya. Nguzogide ya kwesịrị ikwekọ na ọkọlọtọ GB/T3956-2008 "Conductors of Cables", a ga-ekpebikwa mpaghara obe ya dabere na ikike nsogbu.
2. Ọrụ nke Akwa Nchekwa na Mmekọrịta Ha na Ọkwa Voltaji
(1) Ọrụ nke Nchedo Ọkara-Ọkara nke Ime na Mpụta
A na-ejikarị waya ndị na-eduzi eriri eme ihe site na ọtụtụ waya ndị a gbagọrọ agbagọ ma dị n'otu. N'oge a na-eme ka mkpuchi pụta ìhè, oghere mpaghara, burrs, ma ọ bụ nsogbu dị n'etiti elu onye na-eduzi na oyi akwa mkpuchi nwere ike ibute ntinye ọkụ eletrik, na-eduga na mwepụ akụkụ na mwepụ osisi, nke na-emebi arụmọrụ ọkụ eletrik. Site n'itinye oyi akwa nke ihe na-eduzi semi-conductive (ihe nchebe onye na-eduzi) n'etiti elu onye na-eduzi na oyi akwa mkpuchi, ọ nwere ike ijikọ nke ọma na mkpuchi ahụ. Ebe ọ bụ na oyi akwa semi-conductive nwere otu ike ahụ dị ka onye na-eduzi, oghere ọ bụla dị n'etiti ha agaghị enwe mmetụta ọkụ eletrik, si otú a na-egbochi mwepụ akụkụ.
N'otu aka ahụ, oghere dị n'etiti elu mkpuchi mpụta na mkpuchi ígwè (ma ọ bụ ihe mkpuchi ígwè) nwekwara ike ibute mwepụ akụkụ, ọkachasị na ọkwa voltaji dị elu. Site n'itinye oyi akwa nke ihe semi-conductive (ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi) n'elu mkpuchi mpụta, ọ na-emepụta elu equipotential na sheath ígwè ahụ, na-ewepụ mmetụta ubi eletrik n'ime oghere ndị ahụ ma na-egbochi mwepụ akụkụ.
(2) Ọrụ nke Ihe Nchedo Metal
Ọrụ nke ihe mkpuchi ígwè gụnyere: iduzi ọkụ eletrik n'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, ije ozi dị ka ụzọ maka ọkụ eletrik dị mkpụmkpụ (mmejọ), igbochi ọkụ eletrik n'ime mkpuchi (ibelata nnyonye anya electromagnetic na gburugburu ebe obibi), na ijide n'aka na ọkụ eletrik dị otu (ọkụ eletrik radial). Na sistemụ waya anọ nke usoro atọ, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka ahịrị na-anọpụ iche, na-ebu ọkụ eletrik na-enweghị nhazi, ma na-enye mmiri na-egbochi radial.
3. Banyere OW USB
Dịka onye isi na-eweta ihe eji emepụta waya na eriri, OW Cable na-enye polyethylene dị elu nke ejikọtara ọnụ (XLPE), teepu ọla kọpa, waya ọla kọpa, na ihe nchekwa ndị ọzọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ịmepụta waya ike, waya nkwukọrịta, na eriri pụrụ iche. Ngwaahịa anyị na-agbaso ụkpụrụ mba ụwa, anyị na-agbakwa mbọ inye ndị ahịa anyị ngwọta nchekwa eriri a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.
Oge ozi: Maachị-24-2025