Na ngwaahịa waya na eriri, a na-ekewa ihe owuwu mkpuchi ụzọ abụọ dị iche iche: mkpuchi electromagnetic na mkpuchi ọkụ eletrik. A na-eji ihe nchebe elektrọnik eme ihe n'ụzọ bụ isi iji gbochie eriri mgbaama dị elu (dị ka eriri RF na eriri eletrọnịkị) ime ka nnyonye anya na gburugburu mpụta ma ọ bụ igbochi ebili mmiri elektrọnịkị nke mpụga itinye aka na eriri na-ebunye mmiri na-adịghị ike (dị ka mgbama na eriri nha), yana ibelata nnyonye anya n'etiti eriri. N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-emepụta ihe mkpuchi ọkụ eletrik iji dozie ebe ọkụ eletrik siri ike na elu onye na-eduzi ma ọ bụ mkpuchi mkpuchi nke eriri eletrik na nke dị elu.
1. Nhazi na ihe achọrọ nke mkpuchi mkpuchi ọkụ eletrik
A na-ekewa ihe mkpuchi nke eriri ọkụ na ihe mkpuchi ndị nduzi, mkpuchi mkpuchi, na mkpuchi ígwè. Dị ka ụkpụrụ ndị dị mkpa si dị, eriri ndị nwere voltaji dị elu karịa 0.6/1 kV kwesịrị inwe oyi akwa mkpuchi metal, nke enwere ike itinye ya na cores mkpuchi nke onye ọ bụla ma ọ bụ n'ozuzu eriri USB. N'ihi na cables na a gosiri voltaji nke dịkarịa ala 3.6/6 kV iji XLPE (cross-jikọrọ polyethylene) mkpuchi, ma ọ bụ cables na a gosiri voltaji nke dịkarịa ala 3.6/6 kV iji mkpa EPR (ethylene propylene roba) mkpuchi (ma ọ bụ oké mkpuchi na a gosiri voltaji nke dịkarịa ala 6/10 kV na ọta na-achọrọ).
(1) Onye ndu ọta na mkpuchi mkpuchi
Onye na-ahụ maka ihe nchekwa (ihe nchekwa nke ime ime ụlọ): Nke a kwesịrị ịbụ nke na-abụghị ọla, nke nwere ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke teepu ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ nke a na-ekpuchi gburugburu onye nduzi na-esote ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe.
Shielding mkpuchi (Outer Semi-Conductive Shielding): A na-agbapụta nke a ozugbo n'elu elu nke isi mkpuchi ọ bụla ma jikọta ya na ma ọ bụ peelable site na oyi akwa mkpuchi.
Ekwesịrị ijikọ nke ọma n'ígwé dị n'ime na nke mpụta nke ọma na mkpuchi ahụ, na-enwe interface dị nro na-enweghị akara nhịahụ a na-ahụ anya, akụkụ dị nkọ, irighiri ihe, ọkụ ma ọ bụ ncha. Ihe mgbochi tupu na mgbe ịka nká kwesịrị ịbụ ihe karịrị 1000 Ω·m maka oyi akwa mkpuchi ihe na ọ bụghị ihe karịrị 500 Ω·m maka mkpuchi mkpuchi mkpuchi.
A na-eme ihe mkpuchi nke ime na mpụta site na ịgwakọta ihe mkpuchi kwekọrọ (dịka polyethylene cross-linked (XLPE) na ethylene propylene roba (EPR) na ihe mgbakwunye dị ka carbon ojii, ihe mgbochi ịka nká, na ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Ekwesịrị kesaa ụmụ irighiri oji carbon nke ọma na polymer, na-enweghị agglomeration ma ọ bụ nkesa adịghị mma.
Ọkpụrụkpụ nke n'ime na mpụta ọkara ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi na-abawanye na ọkwa voltaji. Ebe ọ bụ na ike ọkụ eletrik dị na mkpuchi mkpuchi dị elu n'ime ma na-adị ala n'èzí, ọkpụkpụ nke ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi nke ọkara kwesịrị ịdịkwu n'ime ma dị n'èzí. N'ihi na cables gosiri na 6 ~ 10 ~ 35 kV, n'ime oyi akwa ọkpụrụkpụ a ranges si 0.5 ~ 0.6 ~ 0.8 mm.
(2) Ihe nchekwa igwe
Cable ndị nwere voltaji a tụrụ anya karịa 0.6/1 kV kwesịrị inwe oyi akwa mkpuchi igwe. Igwe mkpuchi igwe kwesịrị ikpuchi n'èzí nke isi mkpuchi ọ bụla ma ọ bụ eriri USB. Ihe nchekwa igwe nwere ike ịgụnye otu teepu igwe ma ọ bụ karịa, braids igwe, eriri igwe na-atụgharị uche, ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke waya igwe na teepu.
Na Europe na mba ndị mepere emepe, ebe a na-eji usoro ikuku abụọ na-eguzogide ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị mkpụmkpụ dị elu, a na-ejikarị mkpuchi waya ọla kọpa rụọ ọrụ. Na China, sistemu ike na-enye ọkụ na-ekpochapụ eriri igwe gbadoro ụkwụ na-adịkarị, yabụ a na-ejikarị mkpuchi ọla kọpa. Ndị na-emepụta eriri USB na-azụta teepu ọla kọpa siri ike site n'iwepụ na igbasa iji mee ka ha dị nro tupu ejiri ya. Mpempe ọla kọpa dị nro ga-agbaso ụkpụrụ GB/T11091-2005 "Copper Tapes for Cables".
Ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi ọla kọpa kwesịrị ịgụnye otu oyi akwa nke teepu ọla kọpa dị nro machie ma ọ bụ akwa abụọ nke teepu ọla kọpa dị nro nwere oghere nke kechie. Nkezi ọnụego ndakọrịta kwesịrị ịbụ 15% nke obosara teepu, yana opekempe ndakọrịta na-erughị 5%. Oghere ọnụ nke teepu ọla kọpa ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 0.12 mm maka eriri otu-isi na ọ bụghị ihe na-erughị 0.10 mm maka eriri multi-core. Ọkpụrụkpụ kacha nta kwesịrị ịbụ ihe na-erughị 90% nke ọnụ ahịa aha.
Ihe nchekwa waya ọla kọpa nwere eriri ọla kọpa dị nro na-adịghị ahụ nke ọma, nke ejiri waya ọla kọpa kpuchiri ekpuchi elu ya ma ọ bụ teepu. Nguzogide ya kwesịrị ịgbaso ụkpụrụ GB/T3956-2008 "Ndị nduzi nke Cables", na mpaghara mpaghara mpaghara ya kwesịrị ikpebi dabere na ikike nke ugbu a.
2. Ọrụ nke mkpuchi mkpuchi na mmekọrịta ha na ọkwa voltaji
(1) Ọrụ nke nchekwa ime na mpụga ọkara na-arụ ọrụ
Ndị na-eduzi eriri USB na-ejikarị ọtụtụ wired agbadoro na kọmpat. N'oge extrusion mkpuchi, oghere mpaghara, burrs, ma ọ bụ ihe na-adịghị mma n'elu n'etiti onye na-eduzi elu na mkpuchi mkpuchi nwere ike ime ka ntinye ọkụ eletrik, na-eduga na nkwụsịtụ na nkwụsị nke osisi, nke na-eweda ọrụ eletriki. Site n'iwepụ oyi akwa nke ihe na-emepụta ihe (conductor shielding) n'etiti elu onye nduzi na mkpuchi mkpuchi, ọ nwere ike jikọta ya na mkpuchi ahụ. Ebe ọ bụ na oyi akwa semi-conductive dị n'otu ikike dị ka onye na-eduzi ya, ọdịiche ọ bụla n'etiti ha agaghị enwe mmetụta ọkụ eletrik, si otú a na-egbochi nkwụsịtụ.
N'otu aka ahụ, oghere dị n'etiti mkpuchi mkpuchi dị n'elu na n'ọbọ ígwè (ma ọ bụ ihe mkpuchi ígwè) nwekwara ike iduga n'ikuku nke ọma, karịsịa na ọkwa voltaji dị elu. Site n'iwepụ oyi akwa nke ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe (ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi) n'elu ihe mkpuchi nke dị n'elu, ọ na-emepụta ihe equipotential elu na n'ọbọ ígwè, na-ewepụ mmetụta ọkụ eletrik n'ime oghere ma na-egbochi nkwụsịtụ.
(2) Ọrụ nke nchekwa igwe
Ọrụ nke ihe mkpuchi ígwè gụnyere: na-eduzi ikuku capacitive n'okpuru ọnọdụ nkịtị, na-eje ozi dị ka ụzọ maka obere oge (mmejọ) mmiri ozuzo, na-egbochi ọkụ eletrik n'ime mkpuchi (na-ebelata nnyonye anya electromagnetic na gburugburu ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ), na ịgba mbọ hụ na mpaghara eletrik dị iche iche (oghere radial). N'ime usoro waya anọ nke atọ, ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka ahịrị na-anọpụ iche, na-ebu mmiri na-adịghị mma, ma na-enye radial waterproofing.
3. Banyere OW Cable
Dị ka onye na-ebute ụzọ nke akụrụngwa maka waya na eriri, OW Cable na-enye polyethylene cross-linked (XLPE), teepu ọla kọpa, wires ọla kọpa, na ihe nchebe ndị ọzọ a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ichepụta eriri ike, eriri nkwurịta okwu, na eriri pụrụ iche. Ngwaahịa anyị na-agbaso ụkpụrụ mba ụwa, anyị na-agba mbọ na-ebuga ndị ahịa anyị ihe ngwọta nchebe USB a pụrụ ịdabere na ya.
Oge nzipu: Mar-24-2025