Abstract: Ụkpụrụ na-ejikọta ọnụ, nhazi ọkwa, nhazi, usoro na akụrụngwa nke silane cross-linked polyethylene insulating material maka waya na cable ka akọwara nkenke, na ụfọdụ àgwà nke silane ndammana cross-njikọ polyethylene mkpuchi ihe na ngwa na ojiji yana A na-ebute ihe ndị na-emetụta ọnọdụ njikọ njikọ nke ihe.
Okwu: Silane cross-linking; eke cross-njikọ; Polyethylene; Ihe mkpuchi; Waya na eriri
Silane cross-linked polyethylene cable material ugbu a na-eji ọtụtụ ebe na waya na cable ụlọ ọrụ dị ka ihe mkpuchi maka obere voltaji cables. Ihe eji eme ihe na-emepụta waya na eriri eriri, na peroxide na-ejikọta ya na irradiation cross-linking tụnyere ngwá ọrụ mmepụta ihe achọrọ dị mfe, dị mfe iji rụọ ọrụ, ọnụ ala dị ala na uru ndị ọzọ, aghọwo ihe na-eduga maka ala dị ala. -voltaji cross-njikọ eriri na mkpuchi.
1.Silane cross-linked cable cable material cross-linking ụkpụrụ
Enwere isi usoro abụọ metụtara ime silane cross-linked polyethylene: grafting na cross-linking. N'ime usoro grafting, polymer tụfuru H-atom ya na atọm carbon atọ n'okpuru ọrụ nke onye mmalite na pyrolysis n'ime radicals efu, nke na-emeghachi omume na - CH = CH2 otu nke vinyl silane iji mepụta polymer anyado nke nwere trioxysilyl ester. otu. N'ime usoro njikọ njikọ, a na-ebu ụzọ mee polymer graft n'ihu mmiri iji mepụta silanol, na - OH na-ejikọta ya na otu Si-OH dị n'akụkụ iji mepụta njikọ Si-O-Si, si otú a na-ejikọta polymer. macromolecules.
2.Silane cross-linked cable cable na usoro mmepụta eriri ya
Dị ka ị maara, e nwere ụzọ mmepụta ụzọ abụọ na otu nzọụkwụ maka silane cross-linked cables na eriri ha. Ọdịiche dị n'etiti usoro ụzọ abụọ na otu nzọụkwụ dabere na ebe a na-eme usoro nke silane grafting, usoro ntinye aka na onye na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe maka usoro ụzọ abụọ, usoro ntinye aka na ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta eriri maka otu nzọụkwụ. Ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi silane nke nwere njikọ abụọ nke silane nke nwere oke ahịa bụ nke ihe a na-akpọ A na B mejupụtara, yana A ihe bụ polyethylene anyadoro na silane na B bụ ihe na-akpali akpali. A na-ejikọta isi ihe mkpuchi ahụ na mmiri ọkụ ma ọ bụ uzuoku.
E nwere ụdị ọzọ nke abụọ-nzọụkwụ silane cross-njikọ polyethylene insulator, ebe A na-emepụta ihe n'ụzọ dị iche iche, site na-ewebata vinyl silane ozugbo n'ime polyethylene n'oge njikọ iji nweta polyethylene na silane branched chains.
Otu nzọụkwụ usoro nwekwara abụọ ụdị, omenala otu nzọụkwụ usoro bụ a dịgasị iche iche nke akụrụngwa dị ka usoro na ruru nke pụrụ iche nkenke metering usoro, n'ime a pụrụ iche e mere pụrụ iche extruder na otu nzọụkwụ iji wuchaa grafting na extrusion nke. USB mkpuchi isi, na usoro a, ọ dịghị granulation, ọ dịghị mkpa maka USB ihe osisi ikere òkè, site USB factory mezue naanị. Nke a otu nzọụkwụ silane cross-njikọ cable mmepụta akụrụngwa na mmepụta teknụzụ na-akasị ibubata si mba ọzọ na dị oké ọnụ.
Ụdị ọzọ nke otu-nzọụkwụ silane cross-linked polyethylene mkpuchi ihe na-emepụta site na USB ihe na-emepụta ihe, bụ ihe niile akụrụngwa dị ka usoro na ruru nke a pụrụ iche usoro ịgwakọta ọnụ, ngwugwu na-ere, ọ dịghị A ihe na B. ihe onwunwe, USB osisi nwere ike ozugbo na extruder mezue a nzọụkwụ n'otu oge grafting na extrusion nke USB mkpuchi isi. Ihe dị iche iche nke usoro a bụ na ọ dịghị mkpa maka ndị na-emepụta ihe pụrụ iche dị oké ọnụ ahịa, ebe ọ bụ na usoro nke silane grafting nwere ike mechaa na PVC extruder nkịtị, na usoro nzọụkwụ abụọ na-ewepụ mkpa ọ dị ịgwakọta ihe A na B tupu extrusion.
3. Ngwakọta nhazi
Nhazi nke silane cross-linked polyethylene cable material bụ n'ozuzu mejupụtara resin ihe ndabere, initiator, silane, antioxidant, polymerization inhibitor, catalyst, wdg.
(1) The base resin bụ n'ozuzu a ala density polyethylene (LDPE) resin na a gbazee index (MI) nke 2, ma n'oge na-adịbeghị, na mmepe nke sịntetik resin technology na ọnụ nrụgide, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) nwekwara ndidi. ejiri ma ọ bụ jiri ya mee ihe dị ka resin ntọala maka ihe a. Resins dị iche iche na-enwekarị mmetụta dị ukwuu na grafting na cross-linking n'ihi ọdịiche dị n'ime usoro macromolecular ha dị n'ime ya, ya mere a ga-agbanwe nhazi ahụ site na iji resin isi dị iche iche ma ọ bụ otu ụdị resin sitere na ndị nrụpụta dị iche iche.
(2) Onye mmalite nke a na-ejikarị bụ diisopropyl peroxide (DCP), isi ihe bụ ịghọta ọnụọgụ nsogbu ahụ, ntakịrị ihe na-akpata silane grafting ezughị; nke ukwuu na-eme ka polyethylene cross-linking, nke na-ebelata ya fluidity, elu nke extruded mkpuchi isi ike ike, siri ike afanyekwa usoro. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ onye mbido agbakwunyere dị ntakịrị ma nwee mmetụta, ọ dị mkpa ịgbasa ya nke ọma, ya mere a na-agbakwunye ya na silane.
(3) Silane na-ejikarị vinyl unsaturated silane, gụnyere vinyl trimethoxysilane (A2171) na vinyl triethoxysilane (A2151), n'ihi ngwa ngwa hydrolysis ọnụego nke A2171, otú họrọ A2171 ọzọ ndị mmadụ. N'otu aka ahụ, enwere nsogbu nke ịgbakwunye silane, ndị na-emepụta ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe dị ugbu a na-agbalị imezu oke ala ya iji belata ọnụ ahịa, n'ihi na a na-ebubata silane, ọnụahịa ahụ dị oke ọnụ.
(4) Anti-oxidant bụ iji hụ na nkwụsi ike nke nhazi polyethylene na eriri mgbochi ịka nká na agbakwunyere, mgbochi oxidant na usoro silane grafting nwere ọrụ nke igbochi mmeghachi omume grafting, ya mere usoro nhazi ahụ, mgbakwunye nke mgbochi-oxidant. iji kpachara anya, ego agbakwunyere iji tụlee ọnụọgụ DCP iji kwekọọ na nhọrọ ahụ. N'ime usoro njikọta nke ụzọ abụọ, ọtụtụ n'ime antioxidant nwere ike ịgbakwunye na nnukwu ihe na-eme ka ọ dị elu, nke nwere ike ibelata mmetụta na usoro grafting. N'ime usoro njikọta nke otu nzọụkwụ, antioxidant dị na usoro grafting dum, ya mere nhọrọ nke ụdị na ọnụọgụ dị mkpa. Ndị antioxidants a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ 1010, 168, 330, wdg.
(5) Polymerization inhibitor na-agbakwunyere iji gbochie ụfọdụ grafting na cross-linking usoro nke mmeghachi omume n'akụkụ na-eme, na nhazi usoro iji gbakwunye onye na-eme ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma, nwere ike ibelata ihe omume nke C2C cross-linking, si otú ahụ na-emeziwanye. nhazi mmiri na-edozi ahụ, na mgbakwunye, mgbakwunye nke ntinye aka n'otu ọnọdụ ahụ ga-ebute ụzọ site na hydrolysis nke silane na polymerization inhibitor nwere ike ibelata hydrolysis nke polyethylene anyado, iji meziwanye nkwụsi ike ogologo oge nke ihe ntinye aka.
(6) Catalysts na-abụkarị ihe organotin (ma ewezuga crosslinking eke), nke a na-ahụkarị bụ dibutyltin dilaurarate (DBDTL), nke a na-agbakwunyekarị n'ụdị masterbatch. N'ime usoro ụzọ abụọ, a na-achịkọta graft (A material) na catalyst master batch (B material) dị iche iche na-agwakọta ihe A na B tupu etinye ya na extruder iji gbochie tupu ịgafe ihe A. N'ihe banyere otu nzọụkwụ silane cross-linked polyethylene insulations, polyethylene dị na ngwugwu ahụ abanyebeghị, n'ihi ya, ọ dịghị nsogbu na-ejikọta ya na mbụ na ya mere ihe na-eme ka ọ dịghị mkpa ka a na-achịkọta ya iche.
Na mgbakwunye, enwere silanes jikọtara ọnụ dị na ahịa, nke bụ ngwakọta nke silane, onye mbido, antioxidant, ụfọdụ mmanụ aṅụ na ndị na-egbochi ọla kọpa, a na-ejikarị ya na ụzọ njikọ njikọ silane otu nzọụkwụ na osisi USB.
Ya mere, nhazi nke silane cross-linked polyethylene mkpuchi, ihe mejupụtara ya adịghị ewere dị ka ihe dị mgbagwoju anya ma dị na ozi ndị dị mkpa, ma mmepụta mmepụta ihe kwesịrị ekwesị, n'okpuru ụfọdụ mgbanwe iji mechaa, nke na-achọ ihe zuru ezu. nghọta nke ọrụ nke ihe ndị dị na nhazi na iwu nke mmetụta ha na arụmọrụ na mmetụta ha na-enwe.
N'ọtụtụ ụdị ihe eji eme eriri, a na-ahụta ihe silane cross-linked cable (ma ọ bụ nzọụkwụ abụọ ma ọ bụ otu nzọụkwụ) ka ọ bụ naanị usoro kemịkalụ dị iche iche na-eme na extrusion, ụdị ndị ọzọ dị ka polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ihe USB na polyethylene (PE) USB ihe, na extrusion granulation usoro bụ a anụ ahụ Ịgwakọta usoro, ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na kemịkalụ cross-njikọ na irradiation cross-linking cable ihe, ma na extrusion granulation usoro, ma ọ bụ extrusion usoro Cable, ọ dịghị chemical usoro emee. , Ya mere, n'iji ya tụnyere, mmepụta nke silane cross-linked cable material and cable insulation extrusion, njikwa usoro dị mkpa karị.
4. Nzọụkwụ abụọ silane cross-linked polyethylene insulation mmepụta usoro
Usoro mmepụta nke ihe mkpuchi polyethylene na-ejikọta silane-nzọụkwụ abụọ, enwere ike ịnọchite anya ihe dị nkenke site na eserese 1.
Ọgụgụ 1 Usoro mmepụta nke ihe mgbochi polyethylene nwere njikọ silane-nzọụkwụ abụọ A
Ụfọdụ isi ihe dị na usoro mmepụta nke mkpuchi polyethylene na-ejikọta silane ụzọ abụọ:
(1) Ịkpọ nkụ. Dị ka resin polyethylene nwere obere mmiri, mgbe a na-agbapụta ya na okpomọkụ dị elu, mmiri na-eme ngwa ngwa na ìgwè silyl na-eme ka njikọ dị n'etiti, nke na-ebelata mmiri mmiri nke gbazee ma na-emepụta tupu cross-linking. Ihe emechara nwekwara mmiri mgbe mmiri jụrụ oyi, nke nwekwara ike ime ka ọ bụrụ ụzọ gafere ma ọ bụrụ na ewepụghị ya, na a ghaghịkwa akpọnwụ ya. Iji hụ na ịdị mma nke ihicha, a na-eji ihe nkedo dị omimi mee ihe.
(2) Mita. Dị ka izi ezi nke nhazi ihe dị mkpa, a na-ejikarị nha nha nha mfu na-ebubata. A na-atụle resin polyethylene na antioxidant ma nye ya nri site na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke extruder, ebe a na-agbanye silane na onye mmalite site na mgbapụta mmiri mmiri na gbọmgbọm nke abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ nke extruder.
(3) Extrusion grafting. A na-emecha usoro grafting nke silane na extruder. Ntọala usoro nke extruder, gụnyere okpomọkụ, ịghasa nchikota, ịghasa ọsọ na ọnụego nri, ga-agbaso ụkpụrụ ahụ na ihe dị na akụkụ mbụ nke extruder nwere ike ịgbaze kpamkpam ma gwakọta ya n'otu n'otu, mgbe a na-achọghị ire ere nke peroxide n'oge na-adịghị anya. , na na a ga-emerịrị ihe niile edobere nke ọma na ngalaba nke abụọ nke extruder ma mechaa usoro grafting, a na-egosipụta okpomọkụ nke ngalaba extruder (LDPE) na Tebụl 1.
Tebụl 1 Okpomọkụ nke mpaghara extruder nzọụkwụ abụọ
| Mpaghara ọrụ | Mpaghara 1 | Mpaghara 2 | Mpaghara 3 ① | Mpaghara 4 | Mpaghara 5 |
| Okpomọkụ P °C | 140 | 145 | 120 | 160 | 170 |
| Mpaghara ọrụ | Mpaghara 6 | Mpaghara 7 | Mpaghara 8 | Mpaghara 9 | Ọnụ anwụ |
| Okpomọkụ °C | 180 | 190 | 195 | 205 | 195 |
① bụ ebe agbakwunyere silane.
Ọsọ ọsọ nke screw extruder na-ekpebi oge obibi na mmetụta ngwakọta nke ihe dị na extruder, ma ọ bụrụ na oge obibi dị mkpụmkpụ, mmebi peroxide ezughị ezu; ma ọ bụrụ na oge obibi dị ogologo, viscosity nke ihe extruded na-abawanye. N'ozuzu, nkezi oge obibi nke granule na extruder kwesịrị ịchịkwa na initiator decomposition ọkara ndụ nke 5-10 ugboro. Ịgba ọsọ ọsọ ọ bụghị nanị na-enwe mmetụta ụfọdụ na oge obibi nke ihe onwunwe, kamakwa na ịgwakọta na ịkwacha ihe, họrọ ngwa ngwa nri kwesịrị ekwesị dịkwa oke mkpa.
(4) Nkwakọ ngwaahịa. Ekwesịrị ịchịkọta ihe mkpuchi silane nke ụzọ abụọ n'ime akpa aluminom-plastic composite na ikuku ozugbo iji kpochapụ mmiri mmiri.
5. Otu nzọụkwụ silane cross-njikọ polyethylene mkpuchi ihe mmepụta usoro
Otu-nzọụkwụ silane cross-linked polyethylene mkpuchi ihe n'ihi na ya grafting usoro bụ na cable factory extrusion nke cable mkpuchi isi, otú cable mkpuchi extrusion okpomọkụ dị nnọọ elu karịa ụzọ abụọ nzọụkwụ. Ọ bụ ezie na otu nzọụkwụ silane cross-linked polyethylene insulation usoro a tụlere n'ụzọ zuru ezu na mgbasa ngwa ngwa nke initiator na silane na shear ihe, ma usoro grafting ga-ekwe nkwa site na okpomọkụ, nke bụ otu nzọụkwụ silane cross-linked polyethylene. Ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ihe mkpuchi mkpuchi ugboro ugboro na-ekwusi ike na ọ dị mkpa nhọrọ ziri ezi nke okpomọkụ extrusion dị mma, a na-egosipụta okpomọkụ extrusion n'ozuzu na-egosi na Tebụl 2.
Tebụl 2 Otu nzọụkwụ extruder okpomọkụ nke mpaghara ọ bụla ( nkeji: ℃ )
| Mpaghara | Mpaghara 1 | Mpaghara 2 | Mpaghara 3 | Mpaghara 4 | Flange | Isi |
| Okpomọkụ | 160 | 190 | 200-210 | 220 ~ 230 | 230 | 230 |
Nke a bụ otu n'ime adịghị ike nke otu nzọụkwụ silane cross-linked polyethylene, nke a na-adịghị achọkarị mgbe ị na-ewepụ eriri na nzọụkwụ abụọ.
6.Production akụrụngwa
Ngwá ọrụ mmepụta ihe bụ nkwa dị mkpa nke njikwa usoro. Nmepụta nke eriri ndị na-ejikọta na silane na-achọ oke nhazi nhazi nhazi nke ọma, ya mere nhọrọ nke mmepụta ngwá ọrụ dị mkpa karịsịa.
The mmepụta nke abụọ-nzọụkwụ silane cross-njikọ polyethylene mkpuchi ihe A ihe mmepụta akụrụngwa, ugbu a ọzọ anụ ụlọ isotropic yiri ejima-ịghasa extruder na ibubata weightless erikpu, ndị dị otú ahụ ngwaọrụ nwere ike izute chọrọ nke usoro akara ziri ezi, nhọrọ nke ogologo na dayameta nke. na ejima-ịghasa extruder iji hụ na ihe obibi oge, nhọrọ nke dị ibu ibu ibu ibu iji hụ na izi ezi nke Efrata. N'ezie enwere ọtụtụ nkọwa nke akụrụngwa dị mkpa ka e nye ya nlebara anya zuru oke.
Dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, ndị otu nzọụkwụ silane cross-njikọ cable mmepụta ngwá na cable osisi na-mported, oké ọnụ, ụlọ ngwá na-emepụta na-enweghị yiri mmepụta ngwá ọrụ, ihe kpatara ya bụ enweghị imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti ngwá emepụta na usoro na usoro na-eme nchọpụta.
7.Silane eke cross-njikọ polyethylene mkpuchi ihe
Silane eke cross-jikọ polyethylene mkpuchi ihe mepụtara na-adịbeghị anya nwere ike gafere n'okpuru eke ọnọdụ n'ime ụbọchị ole na ole, na-enweghị uzuoku ma ọ bụ mmiri ọkụ imikpu. N'iji ya na usoro silane na-ejikọta ya na omenala, ihe a nwere ike ibelata usoro mmepụta maka ndị na-emepụta eriri USB, na-ebelata ụgwọ ọrụ mmepụta na ịba ụba mmepụta ihe. Silane mkpuchi polyethylene jikọtara ya na ndammana na-amatawanye ma jiri ya na-emepụta eriri.
N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ihe mkpuchi polyethylene sitere n'okike nke silane nke ụlọ na-eto eto ma mepụta ya n'ọtụtụ buru ibu, yana uru ụfọdụ dị na ọnụahịa ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe ndị ebubata.
7. 1 Formulation echiche maka silane ndammana cross-njikọ polyethylene mkpuchi
A na-emepụta ihe mkpuchi polyethylene eke sitere n'okike n'ime usoro ụzọ abụọ, yana otu usoro nke nwere resin base, initiator, silane, antioxidant, polymerisation inhibitor na catalyst. Nhazi nke silane eke insulators polyethylene na-ejikọta ya na-adabere na ịba ụba nke silane grafting nke ihe A na ịhọrọ ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa silane mmiri ọkụ na-ejikọta polyethylene insulators. Iji ihe A na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ silane dị elu jikọtara ya na ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma ga-eme ka insulator polyethylene na-ejikọta ya na silane na-agafe ngwa ngwa ọbụna na obere okpomọkụ na enweghị mmiri zuru ezu.
Ihe A-ihe maka silane mbubata na-ejikọta polyethylene insulators na-ejikọta ya na ndammana site na copolymerisation, ebe enwere ike ịchịkwa ọdịnaya silane n'ogo dị elu, ebe mmepụta nke A-materials nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu site n'ịkwado silane siri ike. Resin isi, onye mmalite na silane ejiri mee ihe na nhazi kwesịrị ịdị iche iche ma gbanwee n'ụdị dị iche iche na mgbakwunye.
Nhọrọ nke mgbochi na ngbanwe nke usoro ọgwụgwọ ya dịkwa oke mkpa, n'ihi na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ grafting nke silane na-eduga na mmeghachi omume n'akụkụ CC ndị ọzọ. Iji mee ka mma nhazi nhazi na ọnọdụ elu nke ihe A maka ịpụpụ eriri USB na-esote, a na-achọ ọnụọgụ polymerization inhibitor nke ọma iji gbochie CC crosslinking nke ọma na tupu ịgafe ụzọ.
Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịbawanye ọnụego crosslinking na a ga-ahọrọ dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mma nke nwere ihe ndị na-enweghị ngbanwe nke ígwè.
7. 2 Crosslinking oge nke silane ndammana crosslinked polyethylene mkpuchi
Oge achọrọ iji mechaa njikọ nke silane eke mkpuchi polyethylene na-ejikọta ya na ọnọdụ okike ya dabere na okpomọkụ, iru mmiri na ọkpụrụkpụ nke mkpuchi mkpuchi. Nke dị elu nke okpomọkụ na iru mmiri, ka ọkpụrụkpụ nke mkpuchi mkpuchi ahụ na-adịwanye njọ, na-eme ka oge gafere oge a chọrọ, na ogologo oge nke ọzọ. Dị ka okpomọkụ na iru mmiri si dị iche site na mpaghara ruo mpaghara na site n'oge ruo n'oge, ọbụna n'otu ebe na n'otu oge ahụ, okpomọkụ na iru mmiri taa na echi ga-adị iche. Ya mere, n'oge a na-eji ihe ahụ eme ihe, onye ọrụ kwesịrị ikpebi oge na-agafe agafe dị ka mpaghara na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na iru mmiri, yana nkọwa nke eriri na ọkpụrụkpụ nke mkpuchi mkpuchi.
Oge nzipu: Ọgọst-13-2022