Gịnị bụ eriri nchekwa na gịnị mere oyi akwa nchekwa ji dị oke mkpa?

Dịka aha ya si kwuo, eriri e ji kpuchie bụ eriri nwere ikike mgbochi nnyonye anya eletrọniki mpụga nke e mepụtara n'ụdị eriri nnyefe nwere oyi akwa nchekwa. Ihe a na-akpọ "ihe nchebe" na nhazi eriri bụkwa ihe a ga-eji eme ka nkesa nke ubi eletrik ka mma. Ihe na-eduzi eriri ahụ nwere ọtụtụ eriri waya, nke dị mfe ịmepụta oghere ikuku n'etiti ya na oyi akwa mkpuchi, elu onye na-eduzi ya adịghịkwa mma, nke ga-eme ka oghere eletrik dịkwuo elu.

1. Oyi akwa nchekwa eriri
(1). Tinye ihe mkpuchi nke ihe na-eduzi ihe n'elu ihe nduzi ahụ, nke dị n'otu ihe na-eduzi ihe nchebe ma na-emetụ oyi akwa mkpuchi ahụ aka nke ọma, ka o wee zere mwepụ akụkụ n'etiti ihe nduzi na oyi akwa mkpuchi ahụ. A makwaara oyi akwa mkpuchi a dị ka oyi akwa mkpuchi dị n'ime. Enwere ike ịnwe oghere na kọntaktị dị n'etiti elu mkpuchi ahụ na sheath ahụ, mgbe eriri ahụ gbagọrọ agbagọ, elu mkpuchi eriri mmanụ-akwụkwọ na-adị mfe ibute mgbawa, nke bụ ihe ndị na-akpata mwepụ akụkụ.

(2). Tinye ihe mkpuchi nke ihe na-eduzi ihe n'elu oyi akwa mkpuchi ahụ, nke nwere ezigbo mmekọrịta na oyi akwa mkpuchi ahụ ma nwee ike nhata ya na ihe mkpuchi ígwè ahụ, ka e wee zere mwepụ akụkụ n'etiti oyi akwa mkpuchi ahụ na ihe mkpuchi ahụ.

Iji mee ka isi ihe dị n'ime ya ma kpuchie oghere eletriki ahụ nke ọma, eriri ike eletrik nke 6kV na nke dị n'etiti na nke dị elu na-enwekarị ihe mkpuchi ihe na-eduzi ihe na mkpuchi ihe mkpuchi, ụfọdụ eriri eletrik dị ala enweghịkwa ihe mkpuchi ihe mkpuchi. E nwere ụdị ihe mkpuchi abụọ: ihe mkpuchi ọkara-conductive na ihe mkpuchi ígwè.

2. Eriri e ji echebe
A na-ejikarị waya ígwè ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri ígwè kpaa ihe mkpuchi nke eriri a, e nwekwara ọtụtụ ụzọ dị iche iche nke otu ihe mkpuchi na ọtụtụ ihe mkpuchi. Otu ihe mkpuchi na-ezo aka na otu ihe mkpuchi ma ọ bụ ihe mkpuchi, nke nwere ike kechie otu ma ọ bụ karịa waya. Ụdị ihe mkpuchi ọtụtụ bụ ọtụtụ netwọk ihe mkpuchi, ihe mkpuchi ahụ dịkwa n'otu waya. A na-eji ụfọdụ ekewapụ nnyonye anya elektrọnik n'etiti waya, ụfọdụ bụkwa ihe mkpuchi okpukpu abụọ nke ejiri mee ka mmetụta ihe mkpuchi sikwuo ike. Usoro ihe mkpuchi bụ ime ka oyi akwa ihe mkpuchi ahụ dị ala iji kewapụ voltaji nnyonye anya nke waya mpụga.

(1). Ọta ọkara-eduzi
A na-ahazikarị ihe mkpuchi semi-conductive n'elu mpụta nke isi waya conductive na elu mpụta nke oyi akwa mkpuchi, nke a na-akpọ oyi akwa mkpuchi semi-conductive dị n'ime na oyi akwa mkpuchi semi-conductive dị n'èzí. Ihe mkpuchi semi-conductive nwere ihe na-eduzi ihe nwere obere iguzogide na ọkpụrụkpụ dị gịrịgịrị. Emebere oyi akwa mkpuchi semi-conductive dị n'ime ka ọ dịrị ka ubi eletriki dị n'elu mpụta nke isi nduzi ahụ ma zere mwepụ akụkụ nke onye na-eduzi na mkpuchi n'ihi elu na-adịghị mma nke onye na-eduzi na oghere ikuku nke isi ahụ gbagọrọ agbagọ kpatara. Ihe mkpuchi semi-conductive dị n'èzí na-akpakọrịta nke ọma na elu mpụta nke oyi akwa mkpuchi, ọ dịkwa mma na ihe mkpuchi ígwè iji zere mwepụ akụkụ na mkpuchi ígwè n'ihi ntụpọ dị ka mgbawa na elu mkpuchi eriri.

(2). Ihe mkpuchi ígwè
Maka eriri ike dị n'etiti na nke dị ala na-enweghị ihe mkpuchi ígwè, na mgbakwunye na ịtọ oyi akwa ihe mkpuchi semi-conductive, kamakwa tinye oyi akwa ihe mkpuchi ígwè. A na-ejikarị ihe mkpuchi ígwè kechie oyi akwa ihe mkpuchi ígwè site nateepu ọla kọpama ọ bụ waya ọla kọpa, nke na-arụ ọrụ nke ukwuu n'ichebe mpaghara ọkụ eletrik.

Ebe ọ bụ na ọkụ eletrik nke dị n'ime eriri ike buru ibu, a ga-emepụta oghere magnet gburugburu ọkụ eletrik, ka ọ ghara imetụta ihe ndị ọzọ, yabụ oyi akwa mkpuchi nwere ike ichebe ubi elektrọnik a na eriri ahụ. Na mgbakwunye, oyi akwa mkpuchi eriri nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ ụfọdụ na nchekwa ala. Ọ bụrụ na isi eriri ahụ emebie, ọkụ eletrik na-agbapụta nwere ike ịgafe n'akụkụ mmiri laminar na-ekpuchi ihe nchebe, dị ka netwọk ala, iji rụọ ọrụ na nchekwa nchekwa. A pụrụ ịhụ na ọrụ nke oyi akwa mkpuchi eriri ka dị oke ukwuu.